Differential expression profiling between two maize internodes identifies genes involved in cell wall biogenesis
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Zea mays
PROVIDER: GSE24014 | GEO | 2011/03/06
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA130371
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Despite the economic importance of grasses as food, feed and energy crops, little is known about the genes that control their cell wall synthesis, assembly and remodelling. Here we provide a detailed transcriptome analysis that allowed the identification of genes involved in grass cell wall biogenesis. Differential gene-expression profiling, using maize oligonucleotide arrays, was used to identify genes differentially expressed between an elongating internode, containing cells exhibiting primary cell wall synthesis, and an internode that had just ceased elongation and in which many cells were depositing secondary cell wall material. This is one of only few studies specifically aimed at the identification of cell wall-related genes in grasses. Analysis identified new candidate genes for a role in primary and secondary cell wall-related processes in grasses. The results suggest that many proteins involved in cell wall-related processes during normal development are also recruited during defence-related cell wall remodelling events. The data presented provide a platform for future studies in which candidate genes can be tested for involvement in cell wall processes through forward and reverse genetic-based approaches, contributing towards a better understanding of cell wall biogenesis and its regulation in grasses. The experiment consisted of six biological replicates (internode 9 and internode 13 were harvested from six maize plants). Dye-swaps were performed (in 3 slides, internode 9 RNA was labelled with Cy3 and internode 13 RNA was labelled with Cy5; in 3 other slides, internode 13 RNA was labelled with Cy3 and internode 9 RNA was labelled with Cy5).
2011-03-06 | E-GEOD-24014 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Stem internodes of grasses function in mechanical support, transport, and, in some species are a major sink organ for carbon in the form of cell wall polymers. To establish the rice elongating internode as a model for secondary cell wall development, we conducted cell wall composition, proteomic and metabolomic analyses of the second rice internode at booting stage. We measured major secondary cell wall components along eight segments of an elongating internode. Cellulose, lignin, and xylose increase as a percentage of cell wall material from the younger to the older internode segments, indicating active cell wall synthesis. With the whole elongating internode, we measured peptides via liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) following trypsin digestion of size fractionated proteins. This identified a total of 3249 protein groups with at least two unique peptides, including many glycosyltransferases, acyltransferases, glycohyrolases, cell wall-localized proteins, and protein kinases that have or may have functions in cell wall biosynthesis or remodeling. In addition, GO over-representation analysis and KO pathway analysis indicate many proteins involved in biosynthetic processes, especially the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and tepenoids. Therefore, we also used LC-MS to measure methanol-extracted secondary metabolites from the whole internode at the elongation stage and three post-elongation stages, and from leaf and root at the second post-elongation stage. The results indicate secondary metabolites in stems are distinct from those of roots and leaves, and show different profiles during stem development. This study fills a void of knowledge of proteomics and metabolomics data for grass stems, especially of rice, and provides baseline knowledge for more detailed studies of cell wall synthesis and other biological processes during internode development. This and future work is aimed at optimizing stem development and cell wall composition of grasses to improve agronomic properties and biofuel production.
2017-08-04 | PXD003676 | Pride
Project description:Advances in alfalfa [Medicago sativa (L.) subsp. sativa] breeding, molecular genetics and genomics have been slow because this crop is an allogamous autotetraploid (2n = 4x = 32) with complex polysomic inheritance. Increasing cellulose and decreasing lignin in alfalfa stem cell walls would improve this crop as a cellulosic ethanol feedstock. We selected two alfalfa genotypes (252, 1283) that differ in cellulose and Klason lignin concentration in stem cell walls. Analysis of GeneChip expression data files of alfalfa stem internodes of genotypes 252 and 1283 at two growth stages (elongating, post-elongation) revealed 10,887 SFPs in 8,230 probe sets. Validation analysis by PCR-sequencing of a random sample of SFPs indicated a 12% false discovery rate. Functional classification and over-representation analysis showed that both genotypes were highly enriched in SFP-harboring cell wall genes. We mapped 5,833 of the 8,230 SFP-harboring genes onto putative orthologous loci on Medicago truncatula chromosomes. Clustering and over-representation of SFP-harboring genes within the same functional class (e.g. cell wall genes) was observed on some chromosomes. Prior to analysis of expression data for the two alfalfa genotypes, SFP probes were masked to reduce false positives and false negatives. The combination of SFP and gene expression analysis provide a list of candidate cell wall genes that can be used as molecular markers in a breeding program to improve alfalfa as a cellulosic feedstock. The results of this study will also be useful in advancing understanding of genome organization in alfalfa and for comparative genomics research with other legume species. SUBMITTER_CITATION: Mesfin Tesfaye, S.S. Yang, J.F. Lamb, H.J. Jung, D.A. Samac, J. Gronwald, C.P. Vance and K.A. VandenBosch (2009). Medicago truncatula as a model for dicot cell wall development. BioEnergy Research 2: 59-76 Experiment Overall Design: The alfalfa clonal lines 252 and 1283 were propagated from cuttings and grown in the greenhouse. The greenhouse experiments consisted of three replicates arranged in a randomized complete block design. There were eight plants of each clone, in individual pots, in each replicate. Plant material for analysis was composited within each replicate at harvest. Stem internode tissues were harvested at full bloom. Based on tissue pliability and coloration, the internode in transition from elongation to post-elongation cambial growth was identified. The internodes immediately above (elongating internodes) and below this transition internode (post-elongation internodes) were collected for RNA extraction.
2009-06-08 | E-GEOD-13602 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Bioenergy sorghum accumulates 75% of shoot biomass in stem internodes. Grass stem internodes are formed during vegetative growth and elongate in response to developmental and environmental signals. To identify genes and molecular mechanisms that modulate the extent of internode growth, we conducted microscopic and transcriptomic analysis of four successive sub-apical vegetative internodes representing different stages of internode development of the bioenergy sorghum genotype R.07020.
2017-08-17 | GSE98817 | GEO
Project description:Brachypodium distachyon as an annual species that colonises broken ground is a highly appropriate model to define drought tolerance mechanisms. We have previously identified accessions exhibiting drought tolerance, high susceptibility and intermediate tolerance to drought; respectively, ABR8, KOZ1 and ABR4, from a screen of 138 genotypes. To define the mechanisms of tolerance, the responses to drought were assessed using transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. Analysis of RNA-seq before and following drought suggested relatively few differentially expressed genes in ABR8. Linking these to gene ontology (GO) terms revealed an enrichment for biological processes related to “regulated stress response”, “plant cell wall” and “oxidative stress”. Interestingly, drought tolerance also appeared to correlate with pre-existing differences in gene expression linked to GO terms associated with the cell wall. These included glycoside hydrolases involved in cell wall remodelling, pectin methylesterases, expansins and a pectin acetylesterase. Metabolomic assessments of the same samples also indicated few statistically significant changes in ABR8 with drought. Instead, pre-existing differences in the cell-wall associated metabolites appeared to correlate with drought tolerance. Our data suggests two different modes/levels at which cell wall characteristics can play a role in conferring drought tolerance: (i) an active response mode/level which involves stress induced changes in cell wall features to help the plant cope with drought and (ii) an intrinsic mode in which innate differences in cell wall composition and architecture between genotypes are important in determining tolerance to drought stress. Both modes seem to contribute to the drought tolerance of ABR8. Identification of the exact mechanisms through which the cell wall confers drought tolerance will be important to fully exploit the contribution of the cell wall in the development of drought tolerant cereals and other grasses.
2019-04-10 | GSE126992 | GEO
Project description:Advances in alfalfa [Medicago sativa (L.) subsp. sativa] breeding, molecular genetics and genomics have been slow because this crop is an allogamous autotetraploid (2n = 4x = 32) with complex polysomic inheritance. Increasing cellulose and decreasing lignin in alfalfa stem cell walls would improve this crop as a cellulosic ethanol feedstock. We selected two alfalfa genotypes (252, 1283) that differ in cellulose and Klason lignin concentration in stem cell walls. Analysis of GeneChip expression data files of alfalfa stem internodes of genotypes 252 and 1283 at two growth stages (elongating, post-elongation) revealed 10,887 SFPs in 8,230 probe sets. Validation analysis by PCR-sequencing of a random sample of SFPs indicated a 12% false discovery rate. Functional classification and over-representation analysis showed that both genotypes were highly enriched in SFP-harboring cell wall genes. We mapped 5,833 of the 8,230 SFP-harboring genes onto putative orthologous loci on Medicago truncatula chromosomes. Clustering and over-representation of SFP-harboring genes within the same functional class (e.g. cell wall genes) was observed on some chromosomes. Prior to analysis of expression data for the two alfalfa genotypes, SFP probes were masked to reduce false positives and false negatives. The combination of SFP and gene expression analysis provide a list of candidate cell wall genes that can be used as molecular markers in a breeding program to improve alfalfa as a cellulosic feedstock. The results of this study will also be useful in advancing understanding of genome organization in alfalfa and for comparative genomics research with other legume species. Keywords: Stem development and genotype comparison
2009-05-28 | GSE13602 | GEO
Project description:We report transcriptome profiling of middle internode tissues from four development stages and three soil moisture readings representing progressive drought stress in sweet sorghum. Sequencing of 14 libraries (two biological replicates for each stage). Each replicate yielded an average of 86 million reads per sample for developmental stages and drought stressed samples yielded an average of 74 million reads per sample .
2023-12-31 | GSE178993 | GEO
Project description:Sugarcane accumulates high concentrations of sucrose in the mature stalk, with numerous physiological processes in maturing stalk tissue both directly and indirectly involved. A considerable portion of carbohydrate metabolism is also devoted to cell wall synthesis and fibre production. Previously, we have identified differentially expressed transcripts correlated with sucrose accumulation and fibre production in various internodes of the sugarcane stalk. In this study, we have examined tissue-specific expression patterns to further explore gene pathways responsible for sucrose accumulation and fibre synthesis. We performed large-scale expression profiling of storage parenchyma, vascular bundles and rind dissected from a maturing stalk internode from field-grown commercial sugarcane harvested at 11 months of age. We identified 10 cellulose synthase subunit genes in sugarcane and examined significant differences in the expression of their corresponding transcripts and those of several sugar transporters between the different tissues. These were further correlated with differential expression patterns for transcripts of specific COBRA-like proteins and other proteins with acknowledged roles in cell wall metabolism. We found that the sugar transporters ShPST2a, ShPST2b and ShSUT4 were significantly up-regulated in storage parenchyma while ShSUT1 was up-regulated in vascular bundles. Two co-ordinately expressed groups of cell wall related transcripts were also identified. One group which is associated with primary cell wall synthesis (ShCesA1, ShCesA7, ShCesA9 and Shbk2l3) was up-regulated in parenchyma. The other group which is associated with secondary cell wall synthesis (ShCesA10, ShCesA11, ShCesA12 and Shbk-2) was up-regulated in rind. We also report an unexpected paucity in differential expression of cell wall-related genes in vascular bundles. Our results indicate that there is spatial separation for elevated expression of these important targets in both sucrose accumulation and cell wall synthesis, allowing for increased clarity in our understanding of sucrose transport and fibre synthesis in sugarcane.
2015-10-13 | GSE67897 | GEO
Project description:The shoot apical meristem of higher plants continuously generates new tissues and organs through complex changes in growth rates and directions of its individual cells. Cell growth, driven by turgor pressure, largely depends on the cell walls, which allow cell expansion through synthesis and structural changes. A previous study revealed a major contribution of wall isotropy in organ emergence, through the disorganization of cortical microtubules. We show here that this disorganization is coupled with the transcriptional control of genes involved in wall remodelling. Some of these genes are induced when microtubules are disorganized and cells shift to isotropic growth. Mechanical modelling shows that this coupling has the potential to compensate for reduced cell expansion rates induced by the shift to isotropic growth. Reciprocally, cell wall loosening induced by different treatments or altered cell wall composition promotes a disruption of microtubule alignment. Our data thus indicate the existence of a regulatory module activated during organ outgrowth, linking microtubule arrangements to cell wall remodelling.
2018-05-25 | GSE114862 | GEO
Project description:Candida albicans is a commensal yeast of the human gut, which is tolerated by the immune system, but has the potential to become an opportunistic pathogen. One way in which C. albicans achieves this duality is through the concealing, or exposure of cell wall associated pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in response to host derived environment cues (pH, hypoxia, lactate). This cell wall remodelling allows C. albicans to evade or hyperactivate the host’s innate immune responses leading to disease. Previously we identified that adaptation of C. albicans to acidic environments, conditions encountered during colonisation of the female reproductive tract, induce significant cell wall remodelling resulting in the exposure of two key fungal PAMPs (glucan and chitin). Here we report that this pH-dependent cell wall remodelling is a highly dynamic process, requiring periods of both cell wall unmasking, with peak PAMP exposure occurring between 2-4 hrs, followed by subsequent PAMP remasking. b-glucan remasking was mediated via the cell density dependent fungal quorum sensing molecule farnesol, while chitin remasking was mediated via a small, heat-stable, non-proteinaceous secreted molecule(s). Transcript profiling identified a core set of 42 genes significantly regulated by pH over time, and linked the transcription factor Efg1p to being the main regulator of chitin exposure through regulation of CHT2. This dynamic cell wall remodelling, influenced innate immune recognition of C. albicans, suggesting that during infection C. albicans can manipulate the host innate immune responses.
2019-10-16 | GSE130948 | GEO