Spatiotemporal single-cell transcriptomics in mouse and human to investigate TAM evolution during GBM progression
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE241037 | GEO | 2023/09/06
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly invasive brain tumors replete with brain- and blood-derived macrophages, collectively known as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Targeting TAMs has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy but has thus far yielded limited clinical success in slowing GBM progression, due in part to an incomplete understanding of TAM function in GBM. Here, by using an engineered hyaluronic acid-based 3D invasion platform, patient-derived GBM cells, and multi-omics analysis of GBM tumor microenvironments, we show that M2-polarized macrophages stimulate GBM stem cell (GSC) mesenchymal transition and invasion. We identify TAM-derived transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFβI/BIGH3) as a pro-tumorigenic factor in the GBM microenvironment. In GBM patients, BIGH3 mRNA expression correlates with poor patient prognosis and is highest in the most aggressive GBM molecular subtype. Inhibiting TAM-derived BIGH3 signaling with a blocking antibody or small molecule inhibitor suppresses GSC invasion. Our work highlights the utility of 3D in vitro tumor microenvironment platforms to investigate TAM-cancer cell crosstalk and offers new insights into TAM function to guide novel TAM-targeting therapies.
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Project description:Tumor-associated macrophages/microglia (TAMs) are prominent microenvironment components in human glioblastoma (GBM) that are potential targets for anti-tumor therapy. However, TAM depletion by CSF1R inhibition showed mixed results in clinical trials. We hypothesized that GBM subtype-specific tumor microenvironment convey distinct sensitivities to TAM targeting.We generated syngeneic PDGFB-driven and RAS-driven GBM models that resemble proneural-like and mesenchymal-like gliomas, and determined the effect of TAM targeting by CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 on glioma growth. We also investigated the co-targeting of TAMs and angiogenesis on PLX3397-resistant RAS-driven GBM. Using single-cell transcriptomic profiling, we further explored differences in tumor microenvironment cellular compositions and functions in PDGFB- and RAS-driven gliomas. We found that growth of PDGFB-driven tumors was markedly inhibited by PLX3397. In contrast, depletion of TAMs at the early phase accelerated RAS-driven tumor growth and had no effects on other proneural and mesenchymal GBM models. In addition, PLX3397-resistant RAS-driven tumors did not respond to PI3K signaling inhibition. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling revealed that PDGFB-driven gliomas induced expansion and activation of pro-tumor microglia, whereas TAMs in mesenchymal RAS-driven GBM were enriched in pro-inflammatory and angiogenic signaling. Co-targeting of TAMs and angiogenesis decreased cell proliferation and changed the morphology of RAS-driven gliomas.Our work identify functionally distinct TAM subpopulations in the growth of different glioma subtypes. Notably, we uncover a potential responsiveness of resistant mesenchymal-like gliomas to combined anti-angiogenic therapy and CSF1R inhibition. These data highlight the importance of characterization of the microenvironment landscape in order to optimally stratify patients for TAM-targeted therapy.
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Project description:In order to assess whether differences in the transcriptomic profile of human tumor-associated macrophages vs. alveolar macrophages from adjacent non-tumor-tissue (GSE162669) were caused by factors secreted by tumor cells, primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were polarized towards a TAM-like phenotype by cultivating them in tumor cell-conditioned medium. A genome-wide comparison by bulk RNA-Seq confirmed a high similarity of ex vivo TAMs and in vitro polarized TAM-like macrophages. Other polarization schemes (M1: LPS/IFN-gamma, M2: IL10 or IL4) did not lead to similar transcriptomic changes. For details, see Hoppstädter et al., 2021 (doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103578).
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Project description:Tumor hypoxia is linked to poor outcome for many cancers, but the underlying mechanisms and the environmental factors that initiate tumor hypoxia are poorly understood. Here, we tracked tumor hypoxia in glioblastoma (GBM), a highly malignant brain cancer, in immunocompetent mice with a sensitive fluorescent reporter combined with single cell transcriptomics. We found that hypoxic GBM cells are quiescent and display a mesenchymal transition, both linked to malignant potency. We also captured in vivo hypoxia gene signature, which is more represented in recurrent GBM and predicts worse outcome. Interestingly, hypoxic GBM cells is a diverse population, consisted of four subclusters, and enriched for immune pathways. Concordantly, our reporter highlighted a distinct geographic pattern of immune cells in hypoxic regions, with phagocytic tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) congregated in hypoxic cores confined by hypoxic GBM cells in pseudopalisading patterns. Mechanistically, this is a dynamic temporospatial process, requiring cytokine CCL8. Remarkably, the sequestered TAMs also experience hypoxia, and they are reprogrammed to an immunotolerant state by factors released from hypoxic GBM cells. Contrary to the conventional viewpoint that hypoxia arises from rapid tumor expansion outstripping vascular supply, we discovered anticancer immunity as an important driving force of tumor hypoxia. Attenuating immune responses by implanting GBM in host mice with immunodeficiency or IL1β deletion significantly decreased GBM hypoxia in well-established tumors. Unexpectedly, radiation therapy (XRT) greatly reduced tumor hypoxia, and when combined with evofosfamide, a prodrug activated by hypoxia, achieved enhanced efficacy in tumor shrinkage and eradication of hypoxic GBM population. Analyses of human patient GBM samples highlighted a connection of mesenchymal subtype, immune response, and tumor hypoxia, all contributing to poor survival. Altogether, our study revealed a reciprocal influence of anti-tumor immunity and tumor hypoxia, which has important ramification for prognosis and immunotherapy for GBM.
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