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Development of an in vitro genotoxicity assay to detect retroviral vector-induced lymphoid insertional mutants [DN2]

ABSTRACT: Safety assessment in retroviral vector-mediated gene therapy remains challenging. In clinical trials for different blood and immune disorders, insertional mutagenesis led to myeloid and lymphoid leukemia. We previously developed the In Vitro Immortalization Assay (IVIM) and Surrogate Assay for Genotoxicity Assessment (SAGA) for pre-clinical genotoxicity prediction of integrating vectors. Murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (mHSPC) transduced with mutagenic vectors acquire a proliferation advantage under limiting dilution (IVIM) and activate stem cell- and cancer-related transcriptional programs (SAGA). However, both assays present an intrinsic myeloid bias due to culture conditions. To detect lymphoid mutants, we differentiated mHSPC to mature T cells and analyzed their phenotype, insertion site pattern, and gene expression changes after transduction with retroviral vectors. Mutagenic vectors induced a block in differentiation at an early progenitor stage (double-negative 2) compared to fully differentiated untransduced mock cultures. Arrested samples harbored high-risk insertions close to Lmo2, frequently observed in clinical trials with severe adverse events. Lymphoid insertional mutants displayed a unique gene expression signature identified by the machine learning algorithm of SAGA. The gene expression-based highly sensitive molecular readout will broaden our understanding of vector-induced oncogenicity and help in pre-clinical prediction of retroviral genotoxicity.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE241146 | GEO | 2023/09/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Development of an in vitro genotoxicity assay to detect retroviral vector-induced lymphoid insertional mutants [bulk]

Project description:Safety assessment in retroviral vector-mediated gene therapy remains challenging. In clinical trials for different blood and immune disorders, insertional mutagenesis led to myeloid and lymphoid leukemia. We previously developed the In Vitro Immortalization Assay (IVIM) and Surrogate Assay for Genotoxicity Assessment (SAGA) for pre-clinical genotoxicity prediction of integrating vectors. Murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (mHSPC) transduced with mutagenic vectors acquire a proliferation advantage under limiting dilution (IVIM) and activate stem cell- and cancer-related transcriptional programs (SAGA). However, both assays present an intrinsic myeloid bias due to culture conditions. To detect lymphoid mutants, we differentiated mHSPC to mature T cells and analyzed their phenotype, insertion site pattern, and gene expression changes after transduction with retroviral vectors. Mutagenic vectors induced a block in differentiation at an early progenitor stage (double-negative 2) compared to fully differentiated untransduced mock cultures. Arrested samples harbored high-risk insertions close to Lmo2, frequently observed in clinical trials with severe adverse events. Lymphoid insertional mutants displayed a unique gene expression signature identified by the machine learning algorithm of SAGA. The gene expression-based highly sensitive molecular readout will broaden our understanding of vector-induced oncogenicity and help in pre-clinical prediction of retroviral genotoxicity.

2023-09-21 | GSE241155 | GEO

Gene expression of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells transduced with integrating vectors

Project description:Gene therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, but efficient in vitro assessment of vector safety remains challenging. To create a predictor of vector induced genotoxicity, we developed the Surrogate Assay for Genotoxicity Assessment (SAGA), which uses genetic algorithm-enhanced machine learning to detect the deregulation of a specific gene expression signature in murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) transduced with potentially genotoxic vectors. For the SAGA assay, murine lineage negative (Lin-) HSPC are isolated and transduced with high multiplicities of infection (MOI) to reach at least 3 vector copies per cell. Post-transduction, bulk cultures are expanded for a total of 15 days in medium supplemented with cytokines promoting myeloid differentiation. Total RNA is prepared from the bulk cultures on day 15 and gene expression profiles are analyzed on microarrays.SAGA classifies samples based on their gene expression profile by using a support vector machine with a radial kernel on 9 features deduced by a genetic algorithm. SAGA is more robust, sensitive and faster than previous assays and reliably predicts a mutagenic risk for vectors that led to leukemia in clinical trials.

2019-01-01 | GSE109391 | GEO

Genotoxicity after adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy is dependent upon dose, treatment age and enhancer-promoter selection

Project description:AAV gene therapy has recently been approved for clinical use and shown to be efficacious and safe in a growing number of clinical trials. However, the safety of AAV as a gene therapy has been challenged by a few studies that documented hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after AAV gene delivery in mice. The association between AAV and HCC has been difficult to reconcile and is the subject of intense debate because numerous AAV studies have not reported toxicity. Here, we report a comprehensive study of HCC in a large number of mice following therapeutic AAV gene delivery. Using a sensitive high-throughput integration site-capture technique and global expressional analysis, we found that AAV integration into the Rian locus and the over-expression of a proximal gene, Rtl1, were associated with HCC. In addition, we identify a number of genes with differential expression that maybe useful in the study, diagnosis and treatment of HCC. We demonstrate that AAV vector dose, enhancer-promoter selection, and the timing of gene delivery are the defining factors in AAV-mediated insertional mutagenesis. Our results help explain the AAV-mediated genotoxicity previously observed and have important implications for the design of both safer AAV vectors and gene therapy studies. To investigate the possibility that insertional mutagenesis by AAV contributed to the development of HCC, we collected normal and tumor tissues from adult mouse livers that received AAV injection at a neonatal stage.

2015-01-01 | E-GEOD-57597 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genotoxicity after adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy is dependent upon dose, treatment age and enhancer-promoter selection (microRNA)

2015-09-01 | E-GEOD-61632 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genotoxicity after adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy is dependent upon dose, treatment age and enhancer-promoter selection

2015-01-01 | GSE57597 | GEO

Genotoxicity after adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy is dependent upon dose, treatment age and enhancer-promoter selection (microRNA)

2015-09-01 | GSE61632 | GEO

Aberrant Clonal Hematopoiesis following Lentiviral Vector Transduction of HSPCs in a Rhesus Macaque

Project description:Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are used for delivery of genes into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in clinical trials worldwide. LVs, in contrast to retroviral vectors, are not associated with insertion site-associated malignant clonal expansions and, thus, are considered safer. Here, however, we present a case of markedly abnormal dysplastic clonal hematopoiesis affecting the erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic lineages in a rhesus macaque transplanted with HSPCs that were transduced with a LV containing a strong retroviral murine stem cell virus (MSCV) constitutive promoter-enhancer in the LTR. Nine insertions were mapped in the abnormal clone, resulting in overexpression and aberrant splicing of several genes of interest, including the cytokine stem cell factor and the transcription factor PLAG1. This case represents the first clear link between lentiviral insertion-induced clonal expansion and a clinically abnormal transformed phenotype following transduction of normal primate or human HSPCs, which is concerning, and suggests that strong constitutive promoters should not be included in LVs.

2020-06-25 | GSE153130 | GEO

Mus musculus

Project description:Murine leukaemia virus retroviral insertional mutagenesis data.

| PRJNA381700 | ENA

Mus musculus

Project description:Murine leukaemia virus retroviral insertional mutagenesis data.

| PRJNA392386 | ENA

Generation of Integration-free Induced Neural Stem Cells from Mouse Fibroblasts

Project description:Recent studies demonstrated that fibroblasts could be converted into induced neural stem cells (iNSCs). However, the insertional mutation caused by random integration of viral vectors has been a major limitation of iNSCs for the future clinical translation. Here we show that non-viral transfection of episomal vectors encoding Brn4/Pou3f4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc sufficiently generates iNSCs. The episomal vector mediated iNSCs closely resemble brain-derived NSCs as well as iNSCs generated by retrovirus in morphology, gene expression profile, epigenetic status, self-renewal capacity and both in vitro and in vivo differentiation capacity. The novel conversion protocol defined in the current study offers a method for generating integration-free iNSCs for the clinical research we developed a novel method for generating integration-free iNSCs. We demonstrated that oriP/EBNA1-based episomal vectors could generate iNSCs by single transfection

2015-03-27 | E-GEOD-67319 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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