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Cytotoxic CD8+ Temra cells show loss of chromatin accessibility at genes associated with T cell activation

ABSTRACT: As humans age their memory T cell compartment expands due to lifelong exposure to antigens. This expansion is characterized by the presence of terminally differentiated CD8+ T cells (Temra) which possess an NK cell-like phenotype and are associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. Temra cells are predominantly driven by sporadic cytomegalovirus reactivation (CMV) yet their cellular heterogeneity remains understudied. To address this gap we measured their gene expression profiles and conducted single-cell transcriptome analysis. We show that CD8+ Temra cells are highly heterogeneous and describe subsets specific to old age and CMV infection.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE241493 | GEO | 2024/01/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Reconstitution of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific immunity following transplant remains a primary clinical objective to prevent CMV disease, and adoptive immunotherapy of CMV-specific T cells can be an effective therapeutic approach. Due to the persistence of CMV, most CMV-specific CD8+ T cells become terminally differentiated effector cells (TEFF). However, a minor subset retains a memory phenotype (TM). Interestingly, recent studies suggest that CMV-specific CD8+ T cells with different phenotypes may have different abilities to reconstitute sustained immunity following transfer. The immunology of human CMV (HCMV) infections is reflected in the mouse model of MCMV infection. We found that HCMV- and MCMV-specific T cells displayed shared genetic programs, validating the MCMV model for studies of CMV-specific T cells in vivo. After transfer, the proliferative capacity of MCMV-specific TM cells was vastly superior to TEFF cells. Strikingly, TM cells expanded and established sustained and diverse T cell populations even after multiple challenges. Although both TEFF and TM cells could protect Rag-/- mice, only TM cells could consistently survive after transfer into immune replete, latently infected recipients and respond if recipient immunity was lost. These data show that CMV-specific TM cells retain memory function during persistent infection and can re-establish CMV immunity when necessary. C57BL/6 mice were infected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with MCMV strain MW97.01 between 6-16 weeks of age. Splenocytes were isolated from chronically-infected mice and co-stained with three PE-conjugated tetramers loaded with the antigenic peptides from M38, m139 and IE3, all of which promote memory inflation. Cells were then stained with fluorescently conjugated antibodies and sorted on a MoFlo cell sorter. Naïve CD8+ cells were identified as CD44lo. MCMV-specific T cells were identified as CD8+, CD44hi and tetramer binding and then further segregated into memory and effector cells subsets by their expression of KLRG1 and CD127.

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Cytotoxic CD8+ Temra cells show loss of chromatin accessibility at genes associated with T cell activation

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