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Variant-to-function analysis of the childhood obesity chr12q13 locus implicates rs7132908 as a causal variant within the 3’ UTR of FAIM2 (snATAC-Seq)

ABSTRACT: The ch12q13 obesity locus is among the most significant childhood obesity loci identified in genome-wide association studies. This locus resides in a non-coding region within FAIM2; thus, the underlying causal variant(s) presumably influence disease susceptibility via an influence on cis-regulation within the genomic region. We implicated rs7132908 as a putative causal variant at this locus leveraging a combination of our inhouse 3D genomic data, public domain datasets, and several computational approaches. Using a luciferase reporter assay in human primary astrocytes, we observed allele-specific cis-regulatory activity of the immediate region harboring rs7132908. Motivated by this finding, we went on to generate isogenic human embryonic stem cell lines homozygous for either rs7132908 allele with CRISPR-Cas9 homology-directed repair to assess changes in gene expression due to genotype and chromatin accessibility throughout a differentiation to hypothalamic neurons, a key cell type known to regulate feeding behavior. We observed that the rs7132908 obesity risk allele influenced the expression of FAIM2 along with other genes, decreased the proportion of neurons produced during differentiation, up-regulated cell death gene sets, and conversely down-regulated neuron differentiation gene sets. We have therefore functionally validated rs7132908 as a causal obesity variant which temporally regulates nearby effector genes at the ch12q13 locus and influences neurodevelopment and survival.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE241593 | GEO | 2024/03/29

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Variant-to-function analysis of the childhood obesity chr12q13 locus implicates rs7132908 as a causal variant within the 3’ UTR of FAIM2 (HiC)

Project description:The ch12q13 obesity locus is among the most significant childhood obesity loci identified in genome-wide association studies. This locus resides in a non-coding region within FAIM2; thus, the underlying causal variant(s) presumably influence disease susceptibility via an influence on cis-regulation within the genomic region. We implicated rs7132908 as a putative causal variant at this locus leveraging a combination of our inhouse 3D genomic data, public domain datasets, and several computational approaches. Using a luciferase reporter assay in human primary astrocytes, we observed allele-specific cis-regulatory activity of the immediate region harboring rs7132908. Motivated by this finding, we went on to generate isogenic human embryonic stem cell lines homozygous for either rs7132908 allele with CRISPR-Cas9 homology-directed repair to assess changes in gene expression due to genotype and chromatin accessibility throughout a differentiation to hypothalamic neurons, a key cell type known to regulate feeding behavior. We observed that the rs7132908 obesity risk allele influenced the expression of FAIM2 along with other genes, decreased the proportion of neurons produced during differentiation, up-regulated cell death gene sets, and conversely down-regulated neuron differentiation gene sets. We have therefore functionally validated rs7132908 as a causal obesity variant which temporally regulates nearby effector genes at the ch12q13 locus and influences neurodevelopment and survival.

2024-03-29 | GSE241592 | GEO

Variant-to-function analysis of the childhood obesity chr12q13 locus implicates rs7132908 as a causal variant within the 3’ UTR of FAIM2 (ATAC-Seq)

2024-03-29 | GSE241591 | GEO

Variant-to-function analysis of the childhood obesity chr12q13 locus implicates rs7132908 as a causal variant within the 3’ UTR of FAIM2 (RNA-Seq)

2024-03-29 | GSE241050 | GEO

Variant-to-function analysis of the childhood obesity chr12q13 locus implicates rs7132908 as a causal variant within the 3’ UTR of FAIM2 (snRNA-Seq)

2024-03-29 | GSE241594 | GEO

Non-coding autoimmune risk variant accelerates T peripheral helper cell development via ICOS

Project description:Fine-mapping and functional studies implicate rs117701653, a common non-coding variant in the CD28/CTLA4/ICOS locus, as a contributor to risk for rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes. Using DNA pulldown, mass spectrometry, genome editing and eQTL analysis, we establish that the disease-associated allele reduces affinity for the inhibitory chromosomal regulator SMCHD1 to drive expression of inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS), enhancing memory CD4+ T cell ICOS expression in individuals bearing the risk allele. Higher ICOS expression is paralleled by an increase in circulating T peripheral helper (Tph) cells, and in rheumatoid arthritis patients, of blood and joint fluid Tph cells and circulating plasmablasts, suggesting a causal link. Indeed, ICOS ligation accelerates T cell differentiation into CXCR5-PD-1high Tph cells producing IL-21 and CXCL13, as does carriage of the rs117701653 risk allele. Thus, mechanistic dissection of a causal non-coding variant in human autoimmunity discloses a new pathway through which ICOS regulates Tph abundance.

2023-07-01 | GSE235868 | GEO

Restless Legs Syndrome-associated variant in MEIS1 confers altered gene expression in embryonic ganglionic eminences

Project description:Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified the MEIS1 locus for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), but causal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the functional relevance have remained to be elucidated. The MEIS1 locus contains an exceptionally large number of highly conserved non-coding regions (HCNRs), which potentially function as cis-regulatory modules. We analyzed the HCNRs in the RLS-associated linkage disequilibrium (LD) block for allele-dependent enhancer activity in both zebrafish and mouse, comparing the protective and risk alleles of RLS-associated common variants. We found one enhancer, harboring the lead SNP rs12469063, which showed an allele-dependent reduction of reporter gene expression exclusively in the embryonic ganglionic eminences at developmental stage E12.5. Notably, the reporter activity overlapped with the endogenous telencephalic Meis1 expression domain, which co-localized with transcripts of all four validated RLS loci. Thus, the developing telencephalon represents the first neuroanatomic region implicated for RLS based on GWAS findings. Total RNA obtained from 2-3 male and female mice E12.5 (wildtype, heterzygote, homozygote) and 3-4 male heterozygote and wildtype mice (adult)

2014-01-29 | E-GEOD-44592 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Microarray analysis of HCT116 cells with and without a 1.4kb deletion

Project description:One of the strongest associated type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci reported to date resides within the TCF7L2 gene. Previous studies point to the T allele of rs7903146 in intron 3 as the causal variant at this locus. To aid in the identification of the actual gene(s) under the influence of this variant, we first generated a CRISPR/Cas9 mediated 1.4kb deletion of the genomic region harboring rs7903146 in the HCT116 cell line followed by global gene expression analysis. HCT116 cells with or without a CRISPR/Cas9 mediated1.4kb deletion of the genomic region harboring the SNP rs7903146 were analyzed for expression, with 3 replicates per condition (DEL vs WT). We observed 99 genes with significant differential expression (FDR cut-off=10%) and an effect size of at least two-fold. We then carried out high-throughput chromosome conformation capture assays in the HCT116 and NCM460 cell lines and in colon tissue (see experiment E-MTAB-4845) in order to ascertain which of these perturbed genesâ promoters made consistent physical contact with the genomic region harboring the variant. This revealed just one gene, ACSL5, which resides in the same topologically associating domain as TCF7L2.

2016-08-16 | E-MTAB-4839 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Restless Legs Syndrome-associated variant in MEIS1 confers altered gene expression in embryonic ganglionic eminences

2014-01-29 | GSE44592 | GEO

BRBseq of Naïve T cells from Bach2_18del and WT controls

Project description:Genome-wide association studies have uncovered hundreds of autoimmune disease-associated loci; however, the causal genetic variant(s) within each locus are mostly unknown. Here, we perform high-throughput allele-specific reporter assays to prioritize disease-associated variants for five autoimmune diseases. By examining variants that both promote allele-specific reporter expression and are located in accessible chromatin, we identify 60 putatively causal variants that enrich for statistically fine-mapped variants by up to 57.8-fold. We introduced the risk allele of a prioritized variant (rs72928038) into a human T cell line and deleted the orthologous sequence in mice, both resulting in reduced BACH2 expression. Naïve CD8 T cells from mice containing the deletion had reduced expression of genes that suppress activation and maintain stemness, and, upon acute viral infection, displayed greater propensity to become effector T cells. Our results represent an example of an effective approach for prioritizing variants and studying their physiologically relevant effects.

2022-03-02 | GSE193241 | GEO

An autoimmune pleiotropic SNP modulates IRF5 alternative promoter usage through ZBTB3-mediated chromatin looping

Project description:Genetic sharing is extensively observed for many autoimmune diseases, but the causal variants and their underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Through systematic investigation of known autoimmune disease pleiotropic loci, we found that most of these genetic effects are transmitted from regulatory code and colocalize with hematopoietic lineage-specific expression quantitative trait loci. We used an evidence-based strategy to functionally prioritize known pleiotropic variants and identify their target genes. A top-ranked pleiotropic variant, rs4728142, yielded many lines of evidence as being causal, and regulates IRF5 transcript expression. Mechanistically, the rs4728142-containing region interacts with the IRF5 downstream alternative promoter in an allele-specific manner and orchestrates its upstream enhancer to regulate IRF5 alternative promoter usage through chromatin looping. A putative structural regulator, ZBTB3, mediates the allele-specific chromatin looping to promote IRF5 short transcript expression at the rs4728142 risk allele, resulting in IRF5 overactivation and M1 macrophage polarization. Together, our findings establish a causal mechanism between the regulatory variant and fine-scale molecular phenotype underlying the dysfunction of pleiotropic genes in human autoimmunity.

2021-03-03 | GSE168045 | GEO

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