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The role of SMC3 in heart development by regulating super-enhancer associated genes

ABSTRACT: Abnormal cardiac development has been observed in individuals with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) due to mutations in genes encoding members of the cohesin complex. But the precise role of cohesin in heart development remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the indispensable role of SMC3, a component of the cohesin complex, in cardiac development and its underlying mechanism. Our investigation revealed an association between SMC3 mutations and congenital heart disease (CHD) in CdLS patients. To further explore this relationship, we utilized heart-specific Smc3-knockout (SMC3-cKO) mice, which displayed varying degrees of outflow tract (OFT) abnormalities. Additionally, we identified 16 rare SMC3 variants with potential pathogenicity in individuals with isolated CHD. Employing single nucleus RNA sequencing and 3C-high-throughput genome-wide translocation sequencing, we unveiled that Smc3 deletion downregulates the expression of key genes, including Ets2, in OFT cardiac muscle cells by specifically decreasing interactions between super-enhancers (SE) and promoters. Notable, Ets2-SE-null mice also exhibit delayed OFT development in the heart. Our research uncovers a novel role for SMC3 in heart development by regulating SE-associated genes, suggesting its potential relevance as one of the CHD-related genes and providing crucial insights into the molecular basis of cardiac development.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE242974 | GEO | 2023/09/14

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The Cohesin apparatus has a canonical role in sister chromatid cohesion. Heterozygous mutations in Nipped B-like (NIPBL), SMC1A, and SMC3 have been found in 60% of probands with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), a dominant multi-system genetic disorder with variable expression. We have performed a genome-wide transcription assessment as well as cohesin binding analysis using human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from probands with CdLS and controls. Here, we report a unique profile of genes dysregulated in CdLS that correlates with different clinical presentations. Genome-wide analysis of cohesin binding demonstrates a preference for intergenic regions suggesting a cis-regulatory function mimicking that of an insulator. However, the binding sites are enriched within the promoter regions of the dysregulated genes and are significantly decreased in CdLS probands, indicating an alternative role of cohesin as a classic transcription factor. Cohesin also co-localizes with CTCF at the boundary elements affecting neighboring gene expression in CdLS probands. We propose that the CdLS phenotype is the result of dysregulated gene expression rather than defective sister chromatid cohesion. Phenotype specific expression profiles are also described. Experiment Overall Design: To identify differentially expressed genes between CdLS patients and controls, age and gender matched samples from 16 normal Caucasian controls and 17 clinical severely affected Caucasian patients with NIPBL protein truncating mutations (nonsense or frameshift) were chosen as the training set for the discriminate analysis. To validate the expression pattern obtained from the training set, 6 samples including 1 healthy control, 1 Egyptian CdLS patient, 2 Roberts syndrome patients, and 2 Alagille patients were used as the testing set. All the 39 cell lines were growing anonymously and the processing of these 39 cell lines were randomized by genotypes to eliminate batch effects that may contribute to genotype-specific gene expression

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The role of SMC3 in heart development by regulating super-enhancer associated genes

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