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Polycomb preferentially targets stalled promoters of coding and non-coding transcripts

ABSTRACT: The Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) of proteins are required for stable and heritable maintenance of repressed and active gene expression states. Their antagonistic function on gene control, repression for PcG and activity for TrxG, is mediated by binding to chromatin and subsequent epigenetic modification of target loci. Despite our broad knowledge about composition and enzymatic activities of the protein complexes involved, our understanding still lacks important mechanistic detail and a comprehensive view on target genes. In this study, we use an extensive data set of ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and genome-wide detection of transcription start sites (TSSs) to identify and analyze thousands of binding sites for the PcG proteins and Trithorax from a Drosophila S2 cell line. In addition to finding a preference for stalled promoter regions of annotated genes, we uncover many intergenic PcG-binding sites coinciding with non-annotated transcription start sites. Interestingly, this set includes previously unknown promoters for primary transcripts of microRNA genes, thereby expanding the scope of Polycomb control to non-coding RNAs essential for development, apoptosis and growth.

ORGANISM(S): Drosophila melanogaster

PROVIDER: GSE24521 | GEO | 2010/12/21

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA132651

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Polycomb preferentially targets stalled promoters of coding and non-coding transcripts

Project description:The Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) of proteins are required for stable and heritable maintenance of repressed and active gene expression states. Their antagonistic function on gene control, repression for PcG and activity for TrxG, is mediated by binding to chromatin and subsequent epigenetic modification of target loci. Despite our broad knowledge about composition and enzymatic activities of the protein complexes involved, our understanding still lacks important mechanistic detail and a comprehensive view on target genes. In this study, we use an extensive data set of ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and genome-wide detection of transcription start sites (TSSs) to identify and analyze thousands of binding sites for the PcG proteins and Trithorax from a Drosophila S2 cell line. In addition to finding a preference for stalled promoter regions of annotated genes, we uncover many intergenic PcG-binding sites coinciding with non-annotated transcription start sites. Interestingly, this set includes previously unknown promoters for primary transcripts of microRNA genes, thereby expanding the scope of Polycomb control to non-coding RNAs essential for development, apoptosis and growth. Chromatin from S2 cells was immunoprecipitated using antibodies against Pc, Ph, Psc, Trx-C or H3K4me3. In parallel, we isolated RNA from S2 cells and generated global gene expression profiles by RNA-seq. We also surveyed the Drosophila genome for yet non-annotated transcription start sites (TSSs) using a newly adapted protocol for Illumina sequencing (termed 5M-bM-^@M-^Y-MACE) with RNA isolated from S2 cells and embryos.

2010-12-21 | E-GEOD-24521 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Spatial interplay between Polycomb and Trithorax complexes controls transcriptional activity in T lymphocytes

Project description:Trithorax group (TrxG) and Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are two mutually antagonistic chromatin modifying complexes, however, how they together mediate transcriptional counterregulation remains unknown. Genome-wide analysis revealed that binding of Ezh2 and Menin, central members of the PcG and TrxG complexes, respectively, were reciprocally correlated. Moreover, we identified a developmental change in the positioning of Ezh2 and Menin in differentiated T lymphocytes compared to embryonic stem cells. Ezh2-binding upstream and Menin-binding downstream of the transcription start site (TSS) was frequently found at genes with higher transcriptional levels, and Ezh2-binding downstream and Menin-binding upstream was found at genes with lower expression in T lymphocytes. Interestingly, of the Ezh2 and Menin co-occupied genes, those exhibiting occupancy at the same position displayed greatly enhanced sensitivity to loss of Ezh2. Finally, we also found that different combinations of Ezh2 and Menin occupancy were associated with expression of specific functional gene groups important for T cell development. Therefore, spatial cooperative gene regulation by the PcG and TrxG complexes may represent a novel mechanism regulating the transcriptional identity of differentiated cells. ES cells, B cells and T cells are profiled for mRNA expression

2015-09-08 | E-GEOD-72757 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Spatial interplay between Polycomb and Trithorax complexes controls transcriptional activity in T lymphocytes [ChIP-Seq]

2015-10-10 | GSE73820 | GEO

Spatial interplay between Polycomb and Trithorax complexes controls transcriptional activity in T lymphocytes [RNA-Seq]

2015-10-10 | GSE73813 | GEO

Spatial interplay between Polycomb and Trithorax complexes controls transcriptional activity in T lymphocytes [array]

2015-10-10 | GSE72757 | GEO

A Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 proteome from Drosophila cells

Project description:Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins regulate gene expression through changes to chromatin structure and are essential for development. PcG proteins function together with the Trithorax Group (TrxG) proteins, which affect diverse steps in transcription activation. The PcG and TrxG are genetically and functionally antagonistic, and current understanding suggests a balance of their activities can maintain a wide range of transcription states. PcG and TrxG proteins assemble into a series of complexes. How these complexes work together, how PcG complexes are recruited to target genes, and whether other proteins are involved in their regulation of gene expression remain open questions. We carried out tandem affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (TAP-MS) on two core components of Drosophila Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1). Our data reveal a network of interactions among PcG complexes, and extensive co-purification of TrxG complexes with PRC1. We co-purified >50 transcription factors with PRC1 that were not previously linked to the PcG. Finally, we identify novel co-purifying complexes, including HP1c and PCNA handling complexes. Our resource of candidate PRC1 interacting proteins generate new hypotheses for PRC1 function.

2023-04-20 | MSV000091759 | MassIVE

PcG/TrxG profiling of differentially aged adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Project description:The microarray reported here is part of a study aimed to investigate whether the gene expression profile of Polycomb, Trithorax and interacting molecules (collectively referred to PcG/TrxG genes) might be related to different states of differentiative potential. In particular , this microarray profiles the expression of PcG/TrxG genes in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the inguinal fat depot of mice of different age.

2010-11-30 | GSE25068 | GEO

PcG/TrxG profiling of differentially aged adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

2010-11-30 | E-GEOD-25068 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Kinome-wide RNAi screen uncovers role of Ballchen in maintenance of gene activation by trithorax group in Drosophila

Project description:We report an ex vivo kinome-wide RNAi screen in Drosophila aimed to identify cell signaling genes that facilitate trxG to counteract PcG mediated repression. From the list of trxG candidates, Ballchen (BALL), a histone kinase, known to phosphorylate histone H2A at threonine 119 (H2AT119p), was characterized as a trxG regulator. BALL co-localizes with Trithorax on chromatin and depletion of BALL results in increased H2AK118 ubiquitination, a histone mark central to PcG mediated gene silencing. Moreover, analysis of genome-wide binding profile of BALL shows an overlap with 85% known binding sites of TRX across the genome. Both BALL and TRX are highly enriched at actively transcribed genes, which also correlate with presence of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac. We propose that BALL mediated signal positively contributes to the maintenance of gene activation by trxG by counteracting the repressive effect of PcG.

2021-01-29 | GSE165685 | GEO

An essential role for PTIP in mediating Hox gene regulation along PcG and trxG pathways

Project description:During Drosophila development, Polycomb-group and Trithorax-group proteins function to ensure correct maintenance of transcription patterns by epigenetically repressing or activating target gene expression. To get a deep insight into the PcG and trxG pathways, we investigated a BRCT domain-containing protein called PTIP, which was generally identified as a transcriptional coactivator and belongs to the TRR complex. At the genome scale, we sorted given PTIP binding peaks into two groups: PTIP/TRR-cobound and PTIP/PC-cobound peaks. In particular, we found that PTIP mediates the molecular switch between H3K4me3/H3K27ac and H3K27me3 histone modifications at TRR or PC occupied regions. Thus, we suggest that PTIP is a mediator rather than a dedicated co-activator along PcG and trxG pathways. Our hypothesis is further supported by the genetic assay: PTIP interacts genetically with either PcG or TrxG in a dosage-dependent manner, suggesting that PTIP functions as a co-factor of PcG/TrxG proteins. In addition, in accordance with the analysis of ChIP-seq, these genetic interactions correlate with modified ectopic HOX protein levels in imaginal discs, which reveals an essential role for PTIP in PcG-mediated Hox gene repression. Hence, we reveal a novel role for PTIP in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression along PcG and trxG pathways.

2022-05-23 | GSE203601 | GEO

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