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Antioxidant program of islet-resident macrophages preserves β cell physiology

ABSTRACT: Macrophages residing within mouse pancreatic islets display an activated phenotype at steady state, yet the molecular signatures underlying their polarization remain unclear. To investigate islet macrophage heterogeneity under physiological conditions, we isolated islet-resident immune cells from chow diet-fed adult male mice and performed single-cell RNA sequencing.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE245717 | GEO | 2025/11/14

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Antioxidant program of islet-resident macrophages preserves β cell physiology

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Antioxidant program of islet-resident macrophages preserves β cell physiology [dataset 4]

Project description:Macrophages residing inside mouse pancreatic islets have an activated phenotype at steady-state. We revealed that they also harbor an antioxidant profile, expressing CD9. We therefore explored the transcriptomic signature of CD9high versus CD9low macrophages using single cell RNA sequencing.

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Antioxidant program of islet-resident macrophages preserves β cell physiology

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Antioxidant program of islet-resident macrophages preserves β cell physiology

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

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Project description:Loss of pancreatic beta cells is the central feature of all forms of diabetes. Current therapies fail to halt the declined beta cell mass. Thus, strategies to preserve beta cells are imperatively needed. In this study, we identified paired box 6 (PAX6) as a critical regulator of beta cell survival. Under diabetic conditions, the human beta cell line EndoC-bH1, db/db mouse and human islets displayed dampened insulin and incretin signalings and reduced beta cell survival, which were alleviated by PAX6 overexpression. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated PAX6 overexpression in beta cells of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and db/db mice led to a sustained maintenance of glucose homeostasis. AAV-PAX6 transduction in human islets reduced islet graft loss and improved glycemic control after transplantation into immunodeficient diabetic mice. Our study highlights a previously unappreciated role for PAX6 in beta cell survival and raises the possibility that ex vivo PAX6 gene transfer into islets prior to transplantation might enhance islet graft function and transplantation outcome.

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Proteomic profiling of intra-islet features reveals substructure-specific protein signatures

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