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Trabectedin derails transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair to induce DNA breaks in highly transcribed genes

ABSTRACT: Most genotoxic anticancer agents fail in tumors with intact DNA repair. Therefore, trabectedin, a unique agent more toxic to cells with active DNA repair, specifically transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), provides new therapeutic opportunities. To unlock the potential of trabectedin and inform its application in precision oncology, a full mechanistic understanding of the drug’s TC-NER-dependent toxicity is needed. Here, we determined that abortive TC-NER of trabectedin-DNA adducts forms persistent single-strand breaks (SSBs) by blocking the second of the two sequential NER incisions by XPG. We mapped the 3’-hydroxyl groups of SSBs originating from the first NER incision at trabectedin lesions, recording TC-NER on a genome-wide scale. We showed that trabectedin-induced SSBs primarily occur in transcribed strands of active genes and peak near transcription start sites. Frequent SSBs were also found outside gene bodies, revealing TC-NER connection to divergent transcription from promoters. This work advances trabectedin as a tool compound for precision oncology and for studying TC-NER and transcription.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE245883 | GEO | 2023/12/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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CPD-seq mapping of transcription-coupled DNA repair in yeast

Project description:Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) is an important DNA repair mechanism that responds to RNA polymerase (RNAP) stalling and removes DNA lesions from transcribed genes. Activation of TC-NER requires specific factors, such as human Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) protein or its yeast homolog Rad26. Mutations in CSB are associated with the severe neurological disorder Cockayne syndrome. However, the genome-wide role of CSB/Rad26 in TC-NER, particularly in the context of chromatin organization, is not fully understood. Here we used single-nucleotide resolution UV damage mapping data to investigate the genome-wide function of Rad26 in TC-NER. Our data shows that Rad26 is critical for TC-NER in transcribed regions downstream of the first (+1) nucleosome; however, Rad26 is largely dispensable for TC-NER in the +1 nucleosome. We further show that the Rad26-independent TC-NER in the +1 nucleosome is correlated with high occupancy of the transcription initiation/repair factor TFIIH. Downstream of the +1 nucleosome, the combination of low TFIIH occupancy and high occupancy of the transcription elongation factor Spt4/Spt5 suppresses TC-NER when Rad26 is dysfunctional. Deletion of SPT4 significantly restores TC-NER in the downstream nucleosomes in a rad26∆ mutant. Collectively, these data indicate that the requirement for Rad26 in TC-NER is modulated by the distribution of TFIIH and Spt4/Spt5, and Rad26 mainly functions in the downstream nucleosomes to remove TC-NER suppression by Spt4/Spt5.

2020-06-30 | GSE145911 | GEO

Transcription-coupled DNA-Protein Crosslink repair by CSB and CRL4(CSA)-mediated degradation

Project description:DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs), arise from enzymatic intermediates, endogenous metabolism or exogenous chemicals like chemotherapeutics. DPCs are highly cytotoxic as they will impede DNA transacting processes such as replication, which is counteracted by proteolysis-mediated DPC removal by the protease SPRTN or the proteasome. However, how DPCs affect transcription and how transcription-blocking DPCs are repaired remains largely unknown. Here, we show that DPCs severely inhibit RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-mediated transcription, resulting in the recruitment of the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) factors CSA and CSB. Interestingly, CSA and CSB are indispensable for transcription-coupled DPC (TC-DPC) repair, while the downstream TC-NER factors UVSSA and XPA are not, indicative of a non-canonical TC-NER mechanism. TC-DPC repair functions independent of SPRTN, but is mediated by the activities of the ubiquitin ligase CRL4CSA and the proteasome. Thus, DPCs are preferentially repaired in genes by a dedicated transcription-coupled repair mechanism, which is crucial to warrant correct transcription.

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Role of Set2 in regulating transcription coupled-nucleotide excision repair

Project description:Repair of UV damage from the transcribed strand (TS) of yeast genes is rapid due to the transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) pathway. TC-NER is triggered when RNA polymerase stalls at UV damage, such as a UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD). During transcription, the histone methyltransferase Set2 methylates histone H3K36, but it is not known if Set2 regulates TC-NER. Here, we report genome-wide repair maps of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in yeast cells lacking Set2.

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Role of H3K36 methylation in regulating transcription coupled-nucleotide excision repair

Project description:We characterized the role of H3K36 methylation in regulating repair of UV damage from the transcribed strand (TS) of yeast genes by the transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) pathway. TC-NER is triggered when RNA polymerase stalls at UV damage, such as a UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD). During transcription, the histone methyltransferase Set2 methylates histone H3K36, but it is not known if H3K36 methylation regulates TC-NER. Here, we report genome-wide repair maps of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in yeast cells containing mutants in histone H3K36 (or set2).

2022-02-21 | GSE194101 | GEO

TRiC controls transcription resumption after UV damage by regulating Cockayne Syndrome protein A

Project description:Transcription-blocking DNA lesions are removed by transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) to preserve cell viability. TC-NER is triggered by the stalling of RNA polymerase II at DNA lesions, leading to the recruitment of TC-NER-specific factors such as the CSA-DDB1-CUL4A-RBX1 cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex (CRLCSA). Despite its vital role in TC-NER, little is known about the regulation of the CRLCSA complex during TC-NER. Using conventional and cross-linking immunoprecipitations coupled to mass spectrometry, we uncover a stable interaction between CSA and the TRiC chaperonin. TRiC’s binding to CSA ensures its stability and DDB1-dependent assembly into the CRLCSA complex. Consequently, loss of TRiC leads to mislocalization and depletion of CSA, as well as impaired transcription recovery following UV damage, suggesting defects in TC-NER. Furthermore, Cockayne syndrome (CS)-causing mutations in CSA lead to increased TRiC binding and a failure to compose the CRLCSA complex. Thus, we uncover CSA as a novel TRiC substrate and reveal a role for TRiC in regulating CSA-dependent TC-NER and the development of CS.

2018-05-02 | PXD008868 | Pride

PARP1 expression drives the synergy between trabectedin and PARP1 inhibitors

Project description:Trabectedin is a DNA-damaging agent with a peculiar mechanism of action; it traps the DNA repair machinery leading to DNA single- and double-strand breaks, particularly in BRCA1/2-deficient tumors. We hypothesized that trabectedin-induced DNA damage might activate PARP1 (a DNA-repair machinery key player), and consequently, PARP1 inhibition would perpetuate trabectedin-induced DNA damage. In several tumor histotypes, we demonstrated a different degree of synergism between trabectedin and PARP1 inhibitors (PARP1-Is). Independent of BRCA1/2 status, PARP1 expression dictated the degree of synergism. Namely, silenced PARP1 reduced trabectedin-PARP1-Is synergism, whereas overexpressed PARP1 increased combination efficacy. High-PARP1 expression and specific gene signatures associated with DNA damage response and repair (DDR-R) were predictive of trabectedin+PARP1-I synergy. These findings pave the way for the clinical development of this novel combination therapy, as well as evaluation of PARP1 expression and DDR-R signatures in tumor samples as predictive biomarkers of response

2017-06-12 | GSE77175 | GEO

PARP1 expression predicts and determines synergy between PARP1 inhibitors and trabectedin.

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CPD-seq mapping of UV damage repair in elf1 mutant yeast

Project description:Elf1 is an important transcription elongation factor that has been implicated in transcription coupled-nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER). Here, we have used a high-throughput sequencing method known as CPD-seq to map the repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) at single nucleotide resolution across the yeast genome in elf1 mutant cells. Analysis of CPD repair indicates that Elf1 is important for CPD repair in the transcribed strand (TS) of yeast genes, indicating it plays an important role in TC-NER.

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DNA repair and recovery of RNA synthesis following exposure to ultraviolet light are delayed in long genes

Project description:The kinetics of DNA repair and RNA synthesis recovery in human cells following UV-irradiation were assessed using nascent RNA Bru-seq and quantitative long PCR. It was found that UV light inhibited transcription elongation and that recovery of RNA synthesis occurred as a wave in the 5’-3’ direction with slow recovery and TC-NER at the 3’ end of long genes. RNA synthesis resumed fully at the 3’-end of genes after a 24-hour recovery in wild-type fibroblasts, but not in cells deficient in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) or global genomic NER (GG-NER). Different transcription recovery profiles were found for individual genes but these differences did not fully correlate to differences in DNA repair of these genes. Our study gives the first genome-wide view of how UV-induced lesions affect transcription and how the recovery of RNA synthesis of large genes are particularly delayed by the apparent lack of resumption of transcription by arrested polymerases. This study is composed of three identical experiments run in three different cell lines. For each experiment, there is one control (mock irradiated cells) and four test samples (0h, 2h, 6h and 24h after UV 10J irradiation).

2015-03-03 | E-GEOD-65985 | biostudies-arrayexpress

DNA repair and recovery of RNA synthesis following exposure to ultraviolet light are delayed in long genes

2015-03-03 | GSE65985 | GEO

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