ACE2-independent SARS-CoV-2 virus entry through cell surface GRP78 on monocytes - evidence from a translational clinical and experimental approach
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE245922 | GEO | 2023/12/13
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Alongside investigation into the virology of SARS-CoV-2, understanding the host–virus dependencies are vital for the identification and rational design of effective antiviral therapy. Here, we report the dominant SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, ACE2, conjugates with small ubiquitin-like modifier 3 (SUMO3) and pharmacological intervention of ACE2 SUMOylation blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as viral infection-triggered immune responses. E3 SUMO ligase PIAS4 prompts the SUMOylation and stabilization of ACE2, whereas deSUMOylation enzyme SENP3 reverses this process. Conjugation of SUMO3 with ACE2 at lysine (K) 187 hampers the K48-linked ubiquitination of ACE2, thus suppressing its subsequent cargo receptor TOLLIP-dependent autophagic degradation. TOLLIP depletion leads to the accumulation of ACE2 and the elevated SARS-CoV-2 infection. Collectively, our findings suggest selective autophagic degradation of ACE2 orchestrated by SUMOylation and ubiquitination can be targeted to future antiviral therapy of SARS-CoV-2.
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