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Transcriptomic analysis of Sirt3 knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts reveals major differences in metabolism and stress-response between sexes

ABSTRACT: In this study, we investigated sex-specific differences in gene expression caused by Sirt3 knockout. SIRT3, a mitochondrial deacetylase, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular health. Through activation or suppression of a large number of target proteins, it integrates various metabolic processes, including energy production and antioxidant defense. Using NGS mRNA-seq on wild-type and Sirt3-knock-out male and female mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) we detected significant changes in both global gene signature and affected cellular pathways. More importantly, we describe major differences in metabolic status of male and female KO MEFs which include fundamental processes like glycolysis, TCA cycle and beta-oxidation. We describe a sex-specific response to Sirt3 loss including maintainance of cellular oxidative status, Hif1a stabilization and induction of Integrated Stress Response (ISR). While female MEFs are significantly more able to tolerate Sirt3 loss, male cells adapt to knock-out by entering a persistent state of cellular stress. Considering many known and potential roles of Sirt3 in metabolism of both normal and cancer cells, aging and longevity, this study emphasizes the crucial role of including sex as a variable in biomedical research.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE246699 | GEO | 2024/04/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Although sex differences in the brain are prevalent, the knowledge about mechanisms underlying sex-related effects on normal and pathological brain functioning is rather poor. It is known that female and male brains differ in size and connectivity. Moreover, those differences are related to neuronal morphology and activity, synapse molecular organization, synaptic plasticity, and molecular signalling pathways. Among different processes assuring proper synapse function are posttranslational modifications, and among them, S-palmitoylation emerges as a crucial mechanism underlying synaptic integrity. Protein S-palmitoylation (S-PALM) refers to the covalent attachment of palmitic acid (C16:0) to cysteine residue(s) via the formation of a thioester bond. Protein S-PALM is governed by a family of PATs, also known as DHHC proteins. Here we focused on the sex-related functional importance of DHHC7 acyltransferase. Under physiological conditions, DHHC7 emerges of particular interest because it palmitoylates various synaptic proteins involved in the regulation of cellular polarity and proliferation as well as in stress and anxiety-related pathology. Moreover, DHHC7 is responsible for S-PALM of sex steroid receptors. Functionally, S-PALM of these receptors regulates their trafficking to the plasma membrane as well as their rapid responses to sex steroid hormones. Using mass spectrometry-based method PANIMoni we identified sex-dependent differences in the S-palmitoylation of synaptic proteins, potentially involved in the regulation of passive membrane properties and excitability (e.g. potassium voltage-gated channels), synaptic transmission (e.g. subunits of glutamate or kainate receptors, voltage-dependent calcium channels) as well as signalling proteins involved in structural plasticity of dendritic spines (e.g. G-proteins and Rab GTPase). Furthermore, to determine a mechanistic source for sex-dependent changes in protein S-palmitoylation we used synaptoneurosomes from DHHC-7 knock-out -/- (DHHC7 KO) female and male mice. Our data showed sex-dependent action of DHHC-7 acyltransferase. Such discovery will facilitate the development of novel and targeted treatments congruous with biological sex.

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Transcriptomic analysis of Sirt3 knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts reveals major differences in metabolism and stress-response between sexes

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