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Low salinity does not impact immune related gene expression or fatty acid biosynthesis in juvenile Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) exposed to Vibrio spp.

ABSTRACT: Maintaining marine salinities in inland aquaculture systems can be cost-prohibitive. As such, there has been an emphasis on the identification of marine species that can be reared at low salinities. The Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) is a popular sportfish that can survive in salinities as low as 5 ppt and has been identified as a potential target species for commercial production. Vibrio spp., bacterial pathogens ubiquitous in aquaculture systems, are capable of quickly decimating aquaculture populations. However, there is limited data available on the effects of salinity influences on Vibrio susceptibility in juvenile Florida pompano. This study investigated the influence of lowered salinity on the immune response of juvenile Florida pompano exposed to Vibrio across a 14-day period through assessment of transcriptomic changes, fatty acid biosynthesis, and identification of internal and external signs of vibriosis. During the experimental period, there were no differences in osmoregulatory or immune related gene expression, no obvious signs of vibriosis, and no changes in fatty acid biosynthesis in fish exposed to 8, 12, 20, or 28 ppt seawater. These results suggest juvenile Florida pompano are resilient to salinity changes and exhibit baseline molecular machinery capable of responding to pathogenic challenges across a range of salinities, making them strong candidates for rearing in inland aquaculture.

ORGANISM(S): Trachinotus carolinus

PROVIDER: GSE248270 | GEO | 2026/08/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Introduction: A major economic impediment to the aquaculture of marine finfish in land-based recirculating systems is maintaining the system salinity at a range for optimal growth. Florida Pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) are warm water, euryhaline, marine finfish shown to be a suitable candidate for low-salinity culture. Due to its popularity among sport and commercial fishers, high market value, and ability to readily consume pelleted feeds, the Florida Pompano has become a renewed target for commercialized aquaculture. Although the Florida Pompano has been successfully grown at various salinities, its optimal growth salinity has not yet been established. Studies have shown culturing at different salinities has an effect on digestion rates, feed utilization, and lipid biosynthesis. Identifying the optimal salinity for growth would result in decreased energy expenditure on maintaining homeostasis, since osmoregulation is a highly demanding process. This would allow for energy to be spent on the efficient use of nutrients. Methods: Our study was designed to determine how Florida Pompano larviculture at various salinities affects fish health with transcriptomics (RNA-seq) and fatty acid analysis. RNA-seq was used to identify genes actively transcribed and expressed at the time of sampling. After hatching in a salinity of ~ 30 ppt, larvae were reared in 345 L tanks at one of three salinities (10, 20, 30 ppt) in triplicate. Larvae samples for RNA-seq and fatty acid analysis were collected every three days until weaning. Samples for fatty acid composition were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). RNA was extracted from homogenized whole-body samples using the Qiagen RNeasy Mini kit. Total RNA was sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 4000 System. Raw sequences were filtered for low-quality sequences, aligned to the S. dumerili reference genome (NCBI Genome: 12614), and quantified. Each sampling day was compared across salinities to establish the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between salinities. Results & Discussion: The numbers of DEGS in pooled samples was minimal (less than 15 total in each comparison) and the number of DEGS at each dph was variable. There were no significant differences between pooled samples or at each dph according to PERMANOVA analysis, but each dph was statistically different on pairwise analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that there was a downregulation of immune related genes in lower salinities versus higher salinities suggesting larvae may be dealing with less stress at lower salinities. Most osmoregulation, fatty acid, and immune related genes tested were not significantly different across salinities. This is likely be cause the Florida pompano is euryhaline and has a tolerance to the salinities selected. There was an increase in the expression levels of several immune related genes that may indicate an increase exposure to pathogens at later days post hatch likely related to feeding schedule. There was also an increase in fatty acid biosynthesis genes that corresponded with levels of fatty acids indicating a possible synthesis of essential fatty acids from precursors. Conclusions: From a transcriptomics perspective, the larvae did not show a negative response to lower salinities in comparison to higher salinities, which in fact showed upregulation of immune related genes. Further exploration of Florida pompano’s ability to biosynthesize essential fatty acids is necessary. This study will help enable the optimization of Florida Pompano larviculture using information on the optimal salinity and fatty acid content for growth and facilitate more cost-effective rearing methods.

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Low salinity does not impact immune related gene expression or fatty acid biosynthesis in juvenile Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) exposed to Vibrio spp.

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