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Adipose-tissue regulatory T cells are a consortium of subtypes that evolves with age and diet

ABSTRACT: Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells found within tissues regulate local immunity, inflammation and homeostasis. Tregs in epididymal visceral adipose tissue (eVAT) are critical regulators of local and systemic inflammation and metabolism. During aging and under obesogenic conditions, eVAT Tregs undergo transcriptional and phenotypic changes and are important for containing inflammation and normalizing metabolic indices. We have employed single-cell RNA sequencing, single-cell Tra and Trb sequencing, adoptive transfers, photoconvertible mice, cellular interaction analyses and in vitro cultures to dissect the evolving heterogeneity of eVAT Tregs with aging and obesity. Distinct Treg subtypes with distinguishable gene-expression profiles and functional roles were enriched at differing ages and with differing diets. Like those in lean mice, eVAT Tregs in obese mice were not primarily recruited from the circulation but instead underwent local expansion and had a distinct and diversified T cell receptor repertoire. The different eVAT-Treg subtypes specialized in different functions; for example, the subtypes enriched in lean, but not obese, mice suppressed adipogenesis. The existence of functionally divergent eVAT-Treg subtypes in response to obesogenic conditions presents possibilities for precision therapeutics in the context of obesity.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE248440 | GEO | 2024/02/05

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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