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Environmental monobutyl phthalate exposure promotes liver cancer via metabolic reprogramming and activation of the IRE1α-XBP1s pathway

ABSTRACT: In this study, we applied a long-term cell culture model by treating the liver cancer cell HepG2 and normal hepatocyte L02 to environmental dosage of monobutyl phthalate (MBP), the main metabolite of phthalates. By RNA-seq, ATAC-seq and CUT&Tag-seq analysis, we found that long-term MBP exposure triggered reprogramming of lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells, which was causal to the activation of the IRE1α-XBP1s axis of the unfolded protein response. Furthermore, the XBP1s-regulated gene sets and pathways contributed to the increased aggressiveness of HepG2 cells.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE248562 | GEO | 2023/11/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The unfolded protein response gene Ire1α is required for tissue renewal and normal differentiation in the mouse tongue and esophagus

Project description:The IRE1α-XBP1s signaling branch of the unfolded protein response is a well-characterized survival pathway that allows cells to adapt to and resolve endoplasmic reticulum stress. Recent data has broadened our understanding of IRE1α-XBP1s signaling beyond a stress response and revealed a physiological mechanism required for the differentiation and maturation of a wide variety of cell types. Here we provide evidence that the IRE1α-XBP1s signaling pathway is required for the proliferation and maturation of basal keratinocytes in the mouse tongue and esophageal epithelium. Mice with conditional targeted deletion of either IRE1α or XBP1 in keratin 14 expressing basal keratinocytes displayed severe thinning of the lingual and esophageal mucosa that rendered them unable to eat. In IRE1α null epithelium harvested at an earlier timepoint, genes regulating cell proliferation, cell-cell adhesion, and keratinization were significantly downregulated; indirect immunofluorescence revealed fewer proliferating basal keratinocytes, downregulation of E-Cadherin, and thinning of the loricrin-positive granular and cornified layers. The number of Tp63 positive basal keratinocytes was reduced in the absence of IRE1α, and expression of the Wnt pathway transcription factor LEF1, which is required for the proliferation of lingual transit amplifying cells, was also significantly downregulated at the transcript and protein level. Together these results reveal an essential role for IRE1α-XBP1s in the maintenance of the stratified squamous epithelial tissue of the tongue and esophagus.

2022-09-30 | GSE205488 | GEO

Identification of global XBP1s target gene expression in human prostate cancer cells

Project description:To gain insight into the global XBP1s target gene profile in prostate cancer cells, we performed RNA-seq analysis in LNCaP cells upon either XBP1 siRNA-mediated knockdown (siXBP1) or MKC8866-mediated IRE1α inhibition.

2018-10-30 | GSE103864 | GEO

Tumor-intrinsic IRE1α signaling controls protective immunity in lung cancer.

Project description:The IRE1α-XBP1 arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR) has emerged as a central orchestrator of malignant progression and immunosuppression in various cancer types. Yet the role of this pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has remained largely unexplored. Using an RNA-seq based computational XBP1s detection method applied to TCGA datasets, we uncovered that expression of the IRE1a-generated XBP1s mRNA isoform predicts poor survival in NSCLC patients. Ablation of IRE1a in malignant cells delayed tumor progression and extended survival in an XBP1-dependent fashion in mouse models of NSCLC. This protective effect was accompanied by marked alterations in both lymphoid and myeloid intratumoral cell subsets that elicited durable adaptive anti-cancer immunity. Mechanistically, cancer cell-intrinsic IRE1α activation sustained mPGES-1 expression, enabling production of the immunosuppressive lipid mediator PGE2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Accordingly, restoring mPGES-1 expression in IRE1αKO cancer cells rescued normal tumor progression. By identifying the dominant transcriptional networks controlled by IRE1α in mouse lung tumors, we further developed a new gene signature that predicted immune cell infiltration and overall survival in human NSCLC. Hence, our study unveils a key immunoregulatory role for cancer cell-intrinsic IRE1α activation and suggests that targeting this pathway may help enhance anti-tumor immunity in NSCLC.

2022-05-13 | GSE202939 | GEO

The IRE1α-XBP1 Pathway of the Unfolded Protein Response is Required for Adipogenesis

Project description:Signaling cascades during adipogenesis culminate in the expression of two essential adipogenic factors, PPARγ and C/EBPα. Here we demonstrate that the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway, the most conserved branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR), is indispensable for adipogenesis. Indeed, XBP1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts and 3T3-L1 cells with XBP1 or IRE1α knockdown exhibit profound defects in adipogenesis. Intriguingly, C/EBPβ, a key early adipogenic factor, induces Xbp1 expression by directly binding to its proximal promoter region. Subsequently, XBP1 binds to the promoter of Cebpa and activates its gene expression. The posttranscriptional splicing of Xbp1 mRNA by IRE1α is required as only the spliced form of XBP1 (XBP1s) rescues the adipogenic defect exhibited by XBP1-deficient cells. Taken together, our data show that the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway plays a key role in adipocyte differentiation by acting as a critical regulator of the morphological and functional transformations during adipogenesis.

2009-04-25 | GSE15771 | GEO

XBP1s cooperates with LEF1 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma development

Project description:To gain insight into the global XBP1s target gene profile in HCC cells, we performed RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses in HepG2 cells.

2021-01-12 | GSE164615 | GEO

INS1 cells expressing either WT IRE1α, I642G IRE1α, N906A IRE1α, or spliced XBP1 treated with dox and 1NMPP1

Project description:Transcriptional profiling of INS1 cells expressing either WT IRE1α, I642G IRE1α, N906A IRE1α, or spliced XBP1 comparing 1μg/mL dox and 5μM 1NMPP1 treated vs control.

2014-12-22 | GSE17148 | GEO

Genome-wide analysis of Xbp1s effect on gene expression in liver by Doxycycline induced TRE-Xbp1s overexpression in mouse

Project description:Analysis of Xbp1s overexpression in liver after 24 hr indution or 48 hr induction in LIXs mouse. As a control, WT mice after 2 hr refeed and 24 hr fast without refeed are used for analysis of postprandial gene expression. This microarray study was used to screen for target genes activated by Xbp1s in liver. Results provide important information for the role of Xbp1s during postprandial. Total RNA obtained from liver tissues from mice on Dox200 chow diet for 24 hr or 48 hr. Mice were fasted for 6 hr before sacrifice for liver.

2013-01-08 | E-GEOD-39301 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Adipocyte XBP1s regulates systemic insulin sensitivity by modulating adiponectin multimerization

Project description:The physiological role of the spliced form of X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s), a key transcription factor of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, in adipose tissue remains largely unknown. Here we show that overexpression of XBP1s promotes adiponectin multimerization in adipocytes, thereby regulating systemic glucose homeostasis. Ectopic expression of XBP1s in adipocytes improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in both lean and obese (ob/ob) mice. The beneficial effect of adipocyte XBP1s on glucose homeostasis is associated with elevated serum levels of HMW adiponectin and indeed, is adiponectin dependent. Mechanistically, XBP1s promotes adiponectin multimerization rather than activating its transcription likely through a direct regulation of the expression of several ER-chaperones involved in adiponectin maturation, including Grp78, Pdia6, ERp44 and DsbA-L. Thus, we conclude that XBP1s is an important regulator of adiponectin multimerization, which may lead to a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and hypoadiponectinemia. Epididymal adipose tissue from wild type and XBP1-overexpressing mice was subjected to gene expression profiling.

2013-11-21 | E-GEOD-36031 | biostudies-arrayexpress

XBP1s cutnrun

Project description:The unfolded protein response (UPR) has emerged as important signaling pathway mediating anti-viral defenses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection. In this study, we examine how Inositol Requiring Enzyme (IREa X-Box Binding Protein spliced (XBP1s) arm of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) pathway controls the innate response integrating RNA-seq and Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) analyses. XBP1s binds to ~4.2 K high-confidence genomic binding sites. Surprisingly these map to only a small subset of IL10/cytokine genes. We further find that that RSV infection enhances XBP1s occupancy on 786 genomic sites enriched in AP1/Fra-1, RELA and SP1 binding sites controlling a core subset of cytokine regulatory factors genes including IFN response factor 1 (IRF1), CSF2, NFKB1A and DUSP10. Selective IRF1 knockdown experiments demonstrates its requirement in control of type I and -III IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) indicating these genes are indirectly regulated through IRF1 transactivation. We conclude that RSV modulates the XBP1 binding complex to the IRF1 epromoter, providing novel insight into how the IRE1-XBP1s pathway potentiates airway mucosal anti-viral responses.

2023-04-30 | GSE228328 | GEO

Dual role of the unfolded protein response in the therapeutic effect of AZD1775 on TP53 mutant high grade serous ovarian cancer

Project description:we demonstrate that the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activates the PERK and IRE1α branches of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in TP53 mutant HGSOC cells. Upon AZD1775 treatment, PERK facilitates apoptotic signaling in these cells via activating CHOP, whereas IRE1α-induced spliced XBP1 (XBP1s) confers survival in response to WEE1 inhibition. Our data uncover an important dual role of UPR in TP53 mutant HGSOC cells in response to AZD1775, where additional inhibition of IRE1α-XBP1s signaling may offer synergistic efficacy.

2021-02-10 | GSE166417 | GEO

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