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The histone lysine methyltransferase MLL1 regulates the activation and functional specialization of regulatory T cells [ChIP-seq]

ABSTRACT: The activation and specialization of regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for maintaining immune self-tolerance, but the epigenetic regulation of these processes remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that T-cell-specific deletion of the lysine methyltransferase MLL1 results in a spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation phenotype in aged mice without disturbing the development of conventional T cells and Tregs. Treg-specific MLL1 ablation leads to a systemic autoimmune disease associated with Treg dysfunction. RNA sequencing demonstrated that the induction of multiple genes involved in Treg activation, functional specialization and tissue immigration is defective in MLL1-deficient Tregs. This dysregulation is associated with defects in H3K4 trimethylation at the transcription start sites (TSSs) of these genes. Finally, using a T-bet fate-mapping mouse system, we determined that MLL1 is required to establish stable Th1-type Tregs. Thus, MLL1 plays an essential role in optimal Treg function by providing a coordinated epigenetic context for activation and specialization.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE248781 | GEO | 2025/05/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Global analysis of H3K4 methylation defines MLL family member targets and points to a role for MLL1-mediated H3K4 methylation in the regulation of transcriptional initiation by RNA polymerase II A common landmark of activated genes is the presence of trimethylation on lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4) at promoter regions. The Set1/COMPASS was the founding member and the only H3K4 methylases in S. cerevisiae, however, in mammals at least six H3K4 methylases Set1A/B and MLL1-4 are found in COMPASS-like complexes capable of methylating H3K4. To gain further insight into the different roles and functional targets for the H3K4 methylases, we have undertaken a genome-wide analysis of H3K4 methylation pattern in wild-type Mll1+/+ and Mll1-/- mouse fibroblasts (MEFs). We found that Mll1 is required for the H3K4 trimethylation of less than 5% of promoters carrying this modification. Many of these genes, which include developmental regulators such as Hox genes show decreased levels of RNA polymerase II recruitment and expression concomitant with the loss of H3K4 methylation. Although Mll1 is only required for the methylation of a subset of Hox genes, Menin, a component of the Mll1 and Mll2 complexes, is required for the overwhelming majority of H3K4 methylation at Hox loci. However, the loss of MLL3/4 and/or the Set1 complexes have little to no effect on the Hox loci H3K4 methylation or expression levels in these MEFs. Together these data provide insight into redundancy and specialization of COMPASS-like complexes in mammals and provide evidence on a possible role for Mll1-mediated H3K4 methylation in the regulation of transcriptional initiation. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation was performed with antibodies for histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation, histone 3, and PolII in Mll1+/+ and Mll1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts. DNA was hybridized to a custom Agilent tiling array (4x44k format) that covers three of the hox regions (A,B,D) and a collection of other genes.

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The histone lysine methyltransferase MLL1 regulates the activation and functional specialization of regulatory T cells [ChIP-seq]

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