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Rebound after MAPK inhibitor withdrawal in pLGG cells

ABSTRACT: An in vitro MAPK inhibitor withdrawal rebound model was generated using the patient-derived, PXA-like cell line BT-40 (BRAFV600E, CDKN2Adel). Using this model, we investigated potential cellular intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms involved in rebound growth in pLGG through multi-omics analysis (RNAseq, phospho-/proteomics).

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE249718 | GEO | 2024/04/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Rebound after MAPK inhibitor withdrawal in pLGG cells

Project description:An in vitro MAPK inhibitor withdrawal rebound model was generated using the patient-derived, PXA-like cell line BT-40 (BRAFV600E, CDKN2Adel). Using this model, we investigated potential cellular intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms involved in rebound growth in pLGG through multi-omics analysis (RNAseq, phospho-/proteomics).

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Rebound after MAPK inhibitor withdrawal in pLGG cells

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Project description:MAPK inhibitor sensitivity scores (MSS) were developed to predict sensitivity to MAPK inhibitors in pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG). The scores were validated in pLGG cell lines in vitro and in the publicly available Open Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas dataset. Validation in independent datasets is warranted.

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HEK293T cell nuclear & cytosolic phospho-proteome remodelling upon amino acid withdrawal. Related to Supplementary Table 4 from An et al (2020)

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Peripheral Blood Biomarkers in ART-Suppressed, SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques Predict Viral Rebound Following ART Discontinuation

Project description:The development of biomarkers that can predict viral rebound following discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-1-infected humans would be an important advance in HIV-1 cure research. In a prior study, we initiated ART in 20 rhesus macaques on days 0, 1, 2, and 3 following SIVmac251 infection prior to plasma viremia1. Following 6 months of suppressive ART, we discontinued ART and observed viral rebound in 9 of 20 animals. Here we show that transcriptomic and proteomic signatures of inflammation and immune activation in peripheral blood during ART suppression predicted viral rebound following ART discontinuation. Higher levels of proinflammatory and cellular immune activation pathways, including TNF, IL-1, IL-6, monocyte, and T cell activation signaling pathways, correlated with viral rebound following ART discontinuation. Immune modulatory IL-10 and TGF-b signaling also correlated with viral rebound. We then validated these candidate biomarkers of viral rebound in a second cohort of SIV-infected, ART-suppressed macaques. Taken together, these data suggest that persistent upregulation of inflammatory and immune activation pathways despite suppressive ART may represent a peripheral blood biomarker signature of the rebound-competent viral reservoir. The development of interventions that target the viral reservoir and modulate this signature may open new avenues in HIV-1 cure research.

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Project description:Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) have shown heterogeneous responses to MAPK inhibitors (MAPKi) in clinical trials. A predictive feature for stratification is needed to identify patients likely to benefit from MAPKi therapy. MAPK-related genes differentially regulated between MAPKi sensitive and non-sensitive cell lines from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer dataset identified class-specific MAPKi sensitivity gene signatures used to calculate the MAPKi sensitivity score (MSS) via single sample gene set enrichment analysis. The MSS discerned gliomas with varying MAPK alterations from those without, and was higher in pLGG compared to other pediatric CNS tumors. As in clinical trials, the MSS was heterogeneous within pLGGs with a common MAPK alteration. A positive correlation between the MSS and the predicted immune infiltration determined by the ESTIMATE signature was observed. The MSS therefore represents a potential tool for the stratification of pLGG patients, worth of further investigation in upcoming clinical trials. Our data could support a role of microglia in the response to MAPKi, warranting further validation.

2023-06-27 | GSE222850 | GEO

Multi-omics Dissection of MAPK-driven Senescence Unveils Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in KIAA1549::BRAF-fusion Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Models

Project description:Pilocytic astrocytomas (PA), the most common pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs), are characterized by genetic MAPK pathway alterations leading to constitutive activation and oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) accompanied with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This study investigates the molecular mechanisms of signaling pathways regulating OIS and SASP in pLGGs using a multi-omics approach. We utilized senescent DKFZ-BT66 cells derived from a primary KIAA1549::BRAF-fusion positive PA to generate RNA-sequencing and phospho-/proteomic datasets before and after treatment with the MEK inhibitor trametinib. Multi-omics factor analysis (MEFISTO) and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were employed to identify key OIS effectors and differentially regulated pathways upon MAPK inhibition. Trametinib treatment inhibited MAPK activity, OIS and SASP signatures across all omics levels, functionally underscored by reduced sensitivity towards senolytic drugs. We constructed a pathway network using a prior knowledge approach, mapping n = 106 upregulated and n = 84 downregulated direct downstream effectors of MAPK leading to OIS/SASP. These effectors are associated with better progression-free survival in pLGG patients, independent of tumor site, level of resection, and genetic aberration. Several compounds targeting signaling nodes (SOD-1, IRS1, CDK1/2, CK2) involved in OIS and under MAPK control were identified, of which n = 4 were validated in an additional primary KIAA1549::BRAF fusion pLGG model as potential new therapeutic vulnerabilities for the treatment of pLGG. Our unbiased multi-omics signaling pathway analysis identifies a specific and comprehensive network of MAPK-OIS-SASP interdependencies in pLGGs and suggests new therapeutic strategies for these tumors.

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Exploiting drug addiction mechanisms to select against MAPKi resistant melanoma

Project description:Melanoma resistant to MAPK inhibitors (MAPKi) displays loss of fitness upon experimental MAPKi withdrawal and, clinically, may be resensitized to MAPKi therapy after a drug holiday. Here, we uncovered and therapeutically exploited the mechanisms of MAPKi addiction in MAPKi-resistant BRAF MUT or NRAS MUT melanoma. MAPKi-addiction phenotypes evident upon drug withdrawal spanned transient cell-cycle slowdown to cell-death responses, the latter of which required a robust phosphorylated ERK (pERK) rebound. Generally, drug withdrawal–induced pERK rebound upregulated p38–FRA1–JUNB–CDKN1A and downregulated proliferation, but only a robust pERK rebound resulted in DNA damage and parthanatos-related cell death. Importantly, pharmacologically impairing DNA damage repair during MAPKi withdrawal augmented MAPKi addiction across the board by converting a cell-cycle deceleration to a caspase-dependent cell-death response or by furthering parthanatos related cell death. Specifically in MEKi-resistant NRAS MUT or atypical BRAF MUT melanoma, treatment with a type I RAF inhibitor intensified pERK rebound elicited by MEKi withdrawal, thereby promoting a cell death–predominant MAPKi-addiction phenotype. Thus, MAPKi discontinuation upon disease progression should be coupled with specific strategies that augment MAPKi addiction.

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