Project description:As sessile organism, plants evolved a highly complicated signaling system to cope with unfavorable and fluctuating environmental conditions. Rapid and transient Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) burst is a common response to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Plants exposed with O3 could trigger extracellular similar ROS production through cell wall peroxidases and NPADPH oxidases, resulting in changes in the gene expression and cell death. Whereas ROS induced cell death is not simply due to its toxicity, rather due to interplay with several other signaling pathways, such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene signaling pathways. Furthermore, the three hormones have both synergistic and antagonistic interactions, where the suppression of JA signaling by SA is the mostly studied. In addition, ethylene promotes cell death while JA has a protective role upon O3 exposure. The role of SA is more complicated; depending on the genetic background it can have either cell death promoting or protecting roles. Hence, a clean system to deliver apoplastic ROS is required to study the role of ROS apart from con-current activation of other signaling pathways. Arabidopsis thaliana offer a convenient system to study apoplastic ROS signaling due to the availability of hormone signaling or biosynthesis mutants including the JA receptor mutant coi1-16 (CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1), the essential ethylene signaling mutant ein2 (ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2), the SA biosynthesis mutant sid2 (SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT2 also known as ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1), and essential regulators in SA/JA/ethylene-induced defense response triple mutant tga2 tga5 tga6 (Clade II TGA transcription factors). Here we used a combination of transcriptome analysis, cell death assays and mutant analysis to systematically quantified the contribution of hormone signaling in relation to apoplastic ROS signaling, identified transcription factors (TFs) involved in ROS regulation and dissected the components involved in defense hormones associated cell death. Transcriptome profiling of ozone response using two arabidopsis triple mutants coi1-16 ein2 sid2 and tga2 tga5 tga6 related to Jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene signaling to identify hormone-independant apoplastic ROS signaling

Project description:As sessile organism, plants evolved a highly complicated signaling system to cope with unfavorable and fluctuating environmental conditions. Rapid and transient Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) burst is a common response to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Plants exposed with O3 could trigger extracellular similar ROS production through cell wall peroxidases and NPADPH oxidases, resulting in changes in the gene expression and cell death. Whereas ROS induced cell death is not simply due to its toxicity, rather due to interplay with several other signaling pathways, such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene signaling pathways. Furthermore, the three hormones have both synergistic and antagonistic interactions, where the suppression of JA signaling by SA is the mostly studied. In addition, ethylene promotes cell death while JA has a protective role upon O3 exposure. The role of SA is more complicated; depending on the genetic background it can have either cell death promoting or protecting roles. Hence, a clean system to deliver apoplastic ROS is required to study the role of ROS apart from con-current activation of other signaling pathways. Arabidopsis thaliana offer a convenient system to study apoplastic ROS signaling due to the availability of hormone signaling or biosynthesis mutants including the JA receptor mutant coi1-16 (CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1), the essential ethylene signaling mutant ein2 (ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2), the SA biosynthesis mutant sid2 (SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT2 also known as ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1), and essential regulators in SA/JA/ethylene-induced defense response triple mutant tga2 tga5 tga6 (Clade II TGA transcription factors). Here we used a combination of transcriptome analysis, cell death assays and mutant analysis to systematically quantified the contribution of hormone signaling in relation to apoplastic ROS signaling, identified transcription factors (TFs) involved in ROS regulation and dissected the components involved in defense hormones associated cell death.

Project description:Background: Grapevine berry, a nonclimacteric fruit, goes through three developmental stages, the last one called the ripening stage, when the berry changes color and dramatically increases in sugar. Flavors derived from terpenoid and fatty acid metabolism develop at the very end of this ripening stage. Whole-genome microarray analysis was used to assess the transcriptomic response of pulp and skin of Cabernet Sauvignon berries in the latter stages of ripening between 22 and 37 °Brix. Grapevine berry, a nonclimacteric fruit, goes through three developmental stages, the last one called the ripening stage, when the berry changes color and dramatically increases in sugar. Flavors derived from terpenoid and fatty acid metabolism develop at the very end of this ripening stage. Whole-genome microarray analysis was used to assess the transcriptomic response of pulp and skin of Cabernet Sauvignon berries in the latter stages of ripening between 22 and 37 °Brix. Results: There were approximatedly 18,000 transcripts whose abundance changed with °Brix level and tissue type. There were very broad changes in many gene ontology (GO) categories involving metabolism, signaling and abiotic stress. GO categories reflecting tissue differences were overrepresentation in photoysynthesis, isoprenoid metabolism and pigment biosynthesis. A more detailed analysis of the interaction of the skin and pulp with °Brix levels revealed that there were significantly higher abundances of transcripts changing with °Brix level in the skin that were involved in ethylene signaling, isoprenoid and fatty acid metabolism. Many of these transcripts were peaking around the optimal fruit stage for flavor production. The transcript abundance of approximately two-thirds of the AP2/ERF Superfamily of transcription factors changed during these developmental stages. The transcript abundance of a unique clade of ERF6-type transcription factors had the largest changes and clustered with other genes involved in ethylene, senescence, and fruit flavor production including ACC oxidase, terpene synthases, and lipoxygenases. The transcript abundance of other important transcription factors (i.e. SPL, RIN, etc.) involved in the regulation of fruit ripening was also higher in the skin. Conclusions: A detailed analysis of the transcriptomic response of grapevine berries revealed that these berries went through massive changes in chemical signaling and metabolism in both the pulp and skin, particularly in the skin. The ethylene signaling pathway of this nonclimacteric fruit was significantly stimulated in the late stages of ripening when the production of transcripts for important flavor and aroma compounds were at their highest. Ethylene transcription factors known to play a role in leaf senescence also appear to play a role in fruit senescence. Ethylene may play a bigger role than previously thought in this non-climacteric fruit.

Project description:Background: Grapevine berry, a nonclimacteric fruit, goes through three developmental stages, the last one called the ripening stage, when the berry changes color and dramatically increases in sugar. Flavors derived from terpenoid and fatty acid metabolism develop at the very end of this ripening stage. Whole-genome microarray analysis was used to assess the transcriptomic response of pulp and skin of Cabernet Sauvignon berries in the latter stages of ripening between 22 and 37 M-BM-0Brix. Grapevine berry, a nonclimacteric fruit, goes through three developmental stages, the last one called the ripening stage, when the berry changes color and dramatically increases in sugar. Flavors derived from terpenoid and fatty acid metabolism develop at the very end of this ripening stage. Whole-genome microarray analysis was used to assess the transcriptomic response of pulp and skin of Cabernet Sauvignon berries in the latter stages of ripening between 22 and 37 M-BM-0Brix. Results: There were approximatedly 18,000 transcripts whose abundance changed with M-BM-0Brix level and tissue type. There were very broad changes in many gene ontology (GO) categories involving metabolism, signaling and abiotic stress. GO categories reflecting tissue differences were overrepresentation in photoysynthesis, isoprenoid metabolism and pigment biosynthesis. A more detailed analysis of the interaction of the skin and pulp with M-BM-0Brix levels revealed that there were significantly higher abundances of transcripts changing with M-BM-0Brix level in the skin that were involved in ethylene signaling, isoprenoid and fatty acid metabolism. Many of these transcripts were peaking around the optimal fruit stage for flavor production. The transcript abundance of approximately two-thirds of the AP2/ERF Superfamily of transcription factors changed during these developmental stages. The transcript abundance of a unique clade of ERF6-type transcription factors had the largest changes and clustered with other genes involved in ethylene, senescence, and fruit flavor production including ACC oxidase, terpene synthases, and lipoxygenases. The transcript abundance of other important transcription factors (i.e. SPL, RIN, etc.) involved in the regulation of fruit ripening was also higher in the skin. Conclusions: A detailed analysis of the transcriptomic response of grapevine berries revealed that these berries went through massive changes in chemical signaling and metabolism in both the pulp and skin, particularly in the skin. The ethylene signaling pathway of this nonclimacteric fruit was significantly stimulated in the late stages of ripening when the production of transcripts for important flavor and aroma compounds were at their highest. Ethylene transcription factors known to play a role in leaf senescence also appear to play a role in fruit senescence. Ethylene may play a bigger role than previously thought in this non-climacteric fruit. Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon (clone 8 scion on 1130 Paulsen rootstock) berries were harvested from J. Lohr Vineyards & Wines, Paso Robles, CA, USA. Whole-genome microarray analysis was used to assess the transcriptomic response of pulp and skin of berries in the latter stages of ripening between 22 and 37 M-BM-0Brix (2008 vintage).

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Transcriptome of Catharanthus roseus cv "Vitae Rose Red"

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