Genome-wide research of epigenetic regulation in arabidopsis
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana Oryza sativa
PROVIDER: GSE253972 | GEO | 2025/02/20
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Epigenetic modifications that arise during plant and animal development, such as DNA and histone modification, are mostly reset during gamete formation, but some are inherited from the germline including those marking imprinted genes. Small RNAs guide these epigenetic modifications, and some are also inherited by the next generation. In C. elegans, inherited small RNA precursors have poly (UG) tails, but how inherited small RNAs are distinguished in other animals and plants is unknown. Pseudouridine (Ψ) is the most abundant RNA modification but has not been explored in small RNAs. Here, we develop novel assays to detect Ψ in short RNA sequences, demonstrating its presence in mouse and Arabidopsis microRNAs and their precursors. We also detect substantial enrichment in germline small RNAs, namely epigenetically activated siRNAs (easiRNAs) in Arabidopsis pollen, and piwi-interacting piRNAs in mouse testis. In pollen, pseudouridylated easiRNAs are localized to sperm cells, and we found that PAUSED/HEN5 (PSD), the plant homolog of Exportin-t, interacts genetically with Ψ and is required for transport of easiRNAs into sperm cells from the vegetative nucleus. We further show that Exportin-t is required for the triploid block: chromosome dosage-dependent seed lethality that is epigenetically inherited from pollen. Thus, Ψ has a conserved role in marking inherited small RNAs in the germline.
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Project description:Epigenetic modifications that arise during plant and animal development, such as DNA and histone modification, are mostly reset during gamete formation, but some are inherited from the germline including those marking imprinted genes. Small RNAs guide these epigenetic modifications, and some are also inherited by the next generation. In C. elegans, these inherited small RNAs have poly (UG) tails, but how inherited small RNAs are distinguished in other animals and plants is unknown. Pseudouridine (Ψ) is the most abundant RNA modification but has not been explored in small RNAs. Here, we developed novel assays to detect Ψ in short RNA sequences, demonstrating its presence in mouse and Arabidopsis microRNAs and their precursors. We also detected substantial enrichment in germline small RNAs, namely epigenetically activated siRNAs (easiRNAs) in Arabidopsis pollen, and PIWI-interacting piRNAs in mouse testis. In pollen, pseudouridylated easiRNAs are produced by RNA polymerase IV and localized to sperm cells. We found that PAUSED/HEN5 (PSD), the plant homolog of Exportin-t, interacts genetically with Ψ synthase and is required for transport of easiRNAs into sperm cells from the vegetative nucleus. We further show that PSD is required for the triploid block: chromosome dosage-dependent seed lethality that is epigenetically inherited from pollen. We propose that Ψ has a conserved role in marking inherited small RNAs in the germline.
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Project description:Genome-wide research of epigenetic regulation in arabidopsis
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Project description:We report the application of Next-generation sequencing (NGS) for high-throughput profiling of N4-acetylcytosine (4acC) DNA modification in Arabidopsis thaliana. We find that 4acC peaks mostly distribute in the euchromatin regions and are present in nearly half of the protein-coding genes in Arabidopsis. 4acC mainly locates around transcription start sites (TSSs) of protein-coding genes and positively correlates with gene expression level . Compared to non-4acC marked genes, 4acC marked genes display a higher methylation level of 5mC in the CG context within coding regions, but a lower methylation level of 5mC in the CHG and CHH contexts. In addition, 4acC peaks showed higher overlaps with active histone modification marks than by chance, but similar overlaps with repressive histone modification marks. We observed complex cooperative interactions among 4acC, 5mC, and histone modifications on gene transcription. 4acC containing genes with low level of mCG, or active histone modification marks displayed a higher expression. In sum, we have uncovered 4acC as a hitherto unknown epigenetic DNA mark that is associated with gene expression in Arabidopsis, and suggest potential cross-talks among epigenetic marks for gene expression.
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Project description:Backgropund:In a major paradigm shift in the last decade, the knowledge about a whole class of non-coding RNAs known as miRNAs has emerged, which have proved these to be important regulators of a wide range of cellular processes by the way of modulation of gene expression. It is reported that some of these miRNAs are modified by addition or deletion of nucleotides at their ends, after biogenesis. However, the biogenesis and functions of these modifications are not well studied in eukaryotes, especially in plants. In this study, we examined the miRNA modifications in different tissues of the various plants, namely rice, tomato and Arabidopsis and identified some common features of such modifications. Results:We have analyzed different aspects of miRNA modifications in plants. To achieve this end, we developed a PERL script to find the modifications in the sequences using small RNA deep sequencing data. The modification occurs in both mature and passenger (star) strands, as well as at both the 5' and 3' ends of miRNAs. Interestingly, we found a position-specific nucleotide biased modification, as evident by increased number of modification at the 5' end with the presence of Cytosine (nucleotide 'C') at the 3âend of the miRNA sequence. The level of modifications is not strictly dependent on the abundance of miRNA. Our study showed that the modification events are independent of plant species, tissue and physiological conditions. Our analysis also indicates that the RNAi enzyme, namely, the RNA dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) may not have any role in Arabidopsis miRNA modifications. Some of these modified miRNAs are bound to AGO1, suggesting their possible roles in biological processes. Conclusions:This is a first report that reveals that 5' nucleotide additions are preferred for mature miRNA sequences with 3â terminal âCâ nucleotide. Our analysis also indicates that the miRNAs modifications involving addition of nucleotides to the 5â or 3â end are independent of RDR6 activity and are not restricted by plant species, physiological conditions and tissue types. The results also indicate that such modifications might be important for biological processes. small RNA profiles of wild type and RDR6 (-) of Arabidopsis plants were generated using deep sequencing data.
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