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Polyploidized Rice Improves Plant Height and Yield through Regulating Expression of Yield Related Genes.

ABSTRACT: Polyploidization is one of the effective ways to improve plant height and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, the molecular mechanism of regulation is not yet fully understood. Here, we investigated the agronomic traits of diploid (Balilla-2x) and tetraploid (Balilla-4x) of japonica rice variety Balilla. Compared with Balilla-2x, Balilla-4x exhibited significantly increased plant height, spike length and yield per plant. RNA-seq analysis of the leaves of Balilla-2x and Balilla-4x was performed and the results showed that the expression levels of yield related genes (e.g., STH1, OsYUC9, and OsDEP1) were significantly upregulated in Balilla-4x rice plants, these genes are related to plant height and panicle development. These results indicated that polyploidization changed the expression of genes related to agronomic traits such as plant height and spike length, thereby increasing rice yield. This study provides a further basis for understanding the yield of rice after polyploidization, and can serve as a new theoretical reference for breeding high-yielding rice varieties achieved.

ORGANISM(S): Oryza sativa

PROVIDER: GSE254291 | GEO | 2024/01/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Polyploidization as the consequence of 2n gamete formation is a prominent mechanism in plant evolution. Studying its effects on the genome and its expression has both basic and applied interest. We crossed two diploid (2n=2x=16) M. sativa plants, a subsp. falcata seed parent and a coerulea x falcata pollen parent that produce a mixture of n and 2n eggs and pollen, respectively. Such cross produced full-sib diploid and tetraploid (2n=4x=32) progenies, the latter being the result of bilateral sexual polyploidization (BSP). These unique materials allowed us to investigate the effects of BSP, and separating the effect of intraspecific hybridization from those of polyploidization by comparing 2x with 4x full sib progeny plants. SSR marker segregation demonstrated tetrasomic inheritance for all chromosomes but one, demonstrating that these neotetraploids are true autotetraploids. BSP brought about increased biomass, earlier flowering, higher seed set and weight, larger leaves with larger cells. Microarray analyses with M. truncatula gene chips showed that several hundred genes, related to diverse metabolic functions, changed their expression level as a consequence of polyploidization. In addition, cytosine methylation increased in 2x but not in 4x hybrids. Our results indicate that sexual polyploidization induce significant transcriptional novelty, possibly mediated in part by DNA methylation, and phenotypic novelty that can be at the base of improved adaptation and reproductive success of tetraploid M. sativa with respect to its diploid progenitor. These polyploidy-induced changes may have promoted the adoption of tetraploid alfalfa in agriculture. Gene expression analysis of leaves at the vegetative stage of two Medicago sativa genotypes (PG-F9 and 12P) compared with three F1 diploid lines and three F1 tetraploid lines originating from crossing PG-F9 x 12P. Three biological replicates were taken for each sample, resulting in a total of twenty-four samples.

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Polyploidized Rice Improves Plant Height and Yield through Regulating Expression of Yield Related Genes.

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