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RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF phyla ACTINOBACTERIA AND VITAMIN C CONSUMPTION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION.

ABSTRACT: Background: Intestinal microbiota is an emerging field and is related to health and disease. There is an emerging body of evidence that Vitamin C consumption can modulate microbiota abundance and can also impact DNA methylation of the host and this could be a link between diet, microbiota, and immune response. Objective: It was to evaluate common CpG sites associated both vitamin C and microbiota phyla abundance.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE254646 | GEO | 2024/02/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF phyla ACTINOBACTERIA AND VITAMIN C CONSUMPTION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION.

Project description:RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF phyla ACTINOBACTERIA AND VITAMIN C CONSUMPTION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION.

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Multi-omics Reveal Vitamin D Regulation of Immune-Gut Microbiome Interactions and Tolerogenic Pathways in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Project description:Antimicrobial proteins form an essential chemical barrier that protects the intestinal epithelium from microbial invasion. REG3 family antimicrobial lectins are prominently induced by the microbiota, but how nutritional cues intersect with microbial signals to regulate their expression is poorly understood. Vitamin A plays a central role in mucosal adaptive immunity, but its contribution to epithelial innate immunity is unclear. Here, we show that dietary vitamin A promotes expression of REG3 antimicrobial lectins, including REG3G, in intestinal epithelial cells from both mice and humans. Vitamin A–dependent induction of REG3G expression is driven by retinoic acid and requires signaling through retinoic acid receptors (RARs). Mechanistically, RARs directly bind the Reg3g promoter adjacent to a binding site for STAT3, the transcription factor that transduces microbial signals, thereby integrating nutritional and microbial inputs at the level of REG3G transcription. Extending these findings, we demonstrate that vitamin A–retinoic acid signaling similarly promotes expression of α-defensin antimicrobial proteins. Together, these results define a transcriptional mechanism by which vitamin A enhances epithelial antimicrobial defenses to strengthen mucosal innate immunity.

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Combined transcriptomics and proteomics analysis unveiled the impact of vitamin C in modulating specific mitochondrial protein abundance in the mouse liver.

Project description:Vitamin C (ascorbate) is a crucial antioxidant and an essential cofactor of biosynthetic and regulatory enzymes. Unlike humans, mice can synthesize vitamin C thanks to the key enzyme gulonolactone oxidase (Gulo). In the present study, we used the Gulo-/- mouse model, which cannot synthesize their own ascorbate to determine the impact of this vitamin on both the transcriptomics and proteomics profiles in the liver. The study included Gulo-/- mouse groups treated with either sub-optimal or optimal vitamin C concentrations in drinking water. We found a distinctive difference in the mRNA and protein profiles as a function of sex between all the mouse groups. Despite this sexual dimorphism, Spearman correlation analyses were conducted to divulge which transcripts and proteins correlated with hepatic vitamin C concentrations in both females and males. Such analysis on transcriptomics data from females and males revealed changes in a wide array of biological processes involved in glucose, lipid, steroid, and glutathione metabolisms as well as in acute-phase response. Furthermore, although several proteins of the mitochondrial complex III significantly correlated with vitamin C concentrations, their corresponding transcripts did not correlate with vitamin C in both females and males. Thus, this side-by-side comparison between transcriptome and proteome supported the view that post-transcriptional processes play a major role in the regulation of cellular respiration in the liver upon vitamin C deficiency. Our findings suggest that transcriptome profiling alone provides an incomplete picture of molecular changes associated with vitamin C deficiency in the liver of mice and examination of changes in protein abundances is essential to unveil variations that are not transcriptionally regulated.

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Project description:Marine Actinobacteria, particularly coral-associated Actinobacteria, have attracted attention recently. In this study, the abundance and diversity of Actinobacteria associated with three types of coral thriving in a thermally stressed coral reef system north of the Arabian Gulf were investigated. Coscinaraea columna, Platygyra daedalea and Porites harrisoni have been found to harbor equivalent numbers of culturable Actinobacteria in their tissues but not in their mucus. However, different culturable actinobacterial communities have been found to be associated with different coral hosts. Differences in the abundance and diversity of Actinobacteria were detected between the mucus and tissue of the same coral host. In addition, temporal and spatial variations in the abundance and diversity of the cultivable actinobacterial communities were detected. In total, 19 different actinobacterial genera, namely Micrococcus, Brachybacterium, Brevibacterium, Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Renibacterium, Nocardia, Microbacterium, Dietzia, Cellulomonas, Ornithinimicrobium, Rhodococcus, Agrococcus, Kineococcus, Dermacoccus, Devriesea, Kocuria, Marmoricola, and Arthrobacter, were isolated from the coral tissue and mucus samples. Furthermore, 82 isolates related to Micromonospora, Brachybacterium, Nocardia, Micrococcus, Arthrobacter, Rhodococcus, and Streptomyces showed antimicrobial activities against representative Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria. Even though Brevibacterium and Kocuria were the most dominant actinobacterial isolates, they failed to show any antimicrobial activity, whereas less dominant genera, such as Streptomyces, did show antimicrobial activity. Focusing on the diversity of coral-associated Actinobacteria may help to understand how corals thrive under harsh environmental conditions and may lead to the discovery of novel antimicrobial metabolites with potential biotechnological applications.

| S-EPMC4770044 | biostudies-literature

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