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Dual RNA-seq analyses provide insights into the biology of the fish pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis

ABSTRACT: Piscirickettsia salmonis is a facultative intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of piscirickettsiosis, a systemic infection of salmonid fish, with high impact on the salmonid aquaculture in Chile. After invasion, P. salmonis actively replicates in macrophages and monocytes, and its ability to enter and multiply within host cells is essential for pathogenesis. The ability of P. salmonis to subvert the functions of macrophages contributes to bacteria survival and dissemination within the host. Here, we adapted dual RNA-sequencing to define how P. salmonis remodel their gene expression in tandem with that of infected the host cell, a macrophage-like cell line from Salmo salar head kidney, known as SHK1. We found that SHK1 cells increased lysosomal content and activity to defend against invading bacteria, while P. salmonis upregulated gene functions related to virulence, including type IV secretion system (T4SS), iron acquisition, transport and efflux systems.

ORGANISM(S): Salmo salar Piscirickettsia salmonis

PROVIDER: GSE254974 | GEO | 2026/03/26

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The aquaculture industry has confronted severe economic losses due to infectious diseases in the last years. Piscirickettsiosis or Salmonid Rickettsial Septicaemia (SRS) is the bacterial disease caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis. This Gram-negative, non-motile, cellular pathogen has the ability to infect, survive, replicate, and propagate in salmonid monocytes/macrophages generating a systemic infection characterized by the colonization of several organs including kidney, liver, spleen, intestine, brain, ovary and gills. In this study, we attempted to determine whether global gene expression differences can be detected in different genetic groups of Atlantic salmon as a result of Piscirickettsia salmonis infection. Moreover, we sought to characterize the fish transcriptional response in order to reveal the mechanisms that might confer resistance in Atlantic salmon to an infection with Piscirickettsia salmonis. In doing so, after challenging with Piscirickettsia salmonis, we selected the families with the highest (HS) and the lowest (LS) recorded susceptibility for gene expression analysis using 32K cGRASP microarrays. Our results revealed in LS families expression changes are linked to iron depletion, as well as, low contents of iron in kidney cells and low bacterial load, indicated that the iron-withholding strategy of innate immunity is part of the mechanism of resistance against Piscirickettsia salmonis. This information contributes to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of resistance to Piscirickettsia salmonis infection in Atlantic salmon and to identify new candidate genes for selective breeding programmes. Forty full-sibling families of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were infected by intraperitoneal injection with 0.2 mL Piscirickettsia salmonis (PS889, isolated from Oncorhynchus kisutch, 1M-CM-^W104 PFU/mL). After forty days, the fishes were harvested and the cumulative mortality (dead fish / total fish) for each family was calculated. For the second challenge, the six families with the highest cumulative mortality levels were considered of relatively high susceptibility (HS) and the six families with the lowest cumulative mortality levels were considered of relatively low susceptibility (LS) to the infection. Five control and five infected fish from three HS and three LS families were analyzed. For each HS and LS family, pools of RNA from control and infected fish were prepared separately and were reverse transcribed. Four slides were for each used family hybridized including two dye-swaped slides. Labeled samples were hybridized on a 32K cDNA microarray, developed at the Consortium for Genomics Research on All Salmonids Project (cGRASP), GEO accession number: GPL8904.

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Dual RNA-seq analyses provide insights into the biology of the fish pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis

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