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A chromatin-modifying function of JNK during stem cell differentiation

ABSTRACT: Signaling mediates cellular responses to extracellular stimuli. The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway exemplifies one sub-group of Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, which besides established functions in stress response, also contributes to developmental processes by an unknown mechanism 1-4. Here we show by genome-wide location analysis that JNK binds directly to a large set of active promoters during differentiation of stem cells to neurons. Bound promoters are not enriched for the canonical AP?1 target sites yet for binding motifs for the transcription factor NF?Y. NF-Y indeed occupies these predicted sites genome-wide in vivo and overexpression of a dominant-negative form of NF?YA reduces JNK presence on chromatin. Histone H3 is a substrate for JNK kinase activity in vitro and JNK bound promoters are preferentially enriched for Histone H3 phosphorylated at Serine 10. Inhibition of JNK signaling in postmitotic neurons reduces this chromatin phosphorylation as well as expression of target genes. Together this establishes MAP kinase binding and function on chromatin at a novel class of target genes during stem cell differentiation.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE25532 | GEO | 2011/12/18

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA142433

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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A chromatin-modifying function of JNK during stem cell differentiation

Project description:Signaling mediates cellular responses to extracellular stimuli. The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway exemplifies one sub-group of Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, which besides established functions in stress response, also contributes to developmental processes by an unknown mechanism 1-4. Here we show by genome-wide location analysis that JNK binds directly to a large set of active promoters during differentiation of stem cells to neurons. Bound promoters are not enriched for the canonical AP?1 target sites yet for binding motifs for the transcription factor NF?Y. NF-Y indeed occupies these predicted sites genome-wide in vivo and overexpression of a dominant-negative form of NF?YA reduces JNK presence on chromatin. Histone H3 is a substrate for JNK kinase activity in vitro and JNK bound promoters are preferentially enriched for Histone H3 phosphorylated at Serine 10. Inhibition of JNK signaling in postmitotic neurons reduces this chromatin phosphorylation as well as expression of target genes. Together this establishes MAP kinase binding and function on chromatin at a novel class of target genes during stem cell differentiation. Our Dataset comprises 5 ChIP-seq samples using chromatin from ES, NP and TN cells which was immunoprecipitated, using antibodies against H3K27me3, H3K4me2, RNA Pol II, JNK1/3 and NF-YA. From the same cells we generated biological replicates of RNA-seq data.

2011-12-18 | E-GEOD-25532 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Efficient Mammary Gland Involution Requires c-Jun N-terminal kinase

Project description:Involution returns the lactating mammary gland to a quiescent state after weaning. The mechanism of involution involves collapse of the mammary epithelial cell compartment. To test whether the cJUN NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signal transduction pathway contributes to involution, we established mice with JNK deficiency in the mammary epithelium. We found that JNK is required for efficient involution. JNK deficiency did not alter the STAT3/5 or SMAD2/3 signaling pathways that have been previously implicated in this process. Nevertheless, JNK promotes the expression of genes that drive involution, including matrix metalloproteases, cathepsins, and BH3-only proteins. These data demonstrate that JNK has a key role in mammary gland involution post lactation.

2018-03-09 | GSE89495 | GEO

JNK promotes epithelial cells anoikis by transcriptional and post-translational regulation of BH3-only proteins

Project description:Developmental morphogenesis, tissue injury, and oncogenic transformation can cause the detachment of epithelial cells. These cells are eliminated by a specialized form of apoptosis (anoikis). While the processes that contribute to this form of cell death have been studied, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we tested the role of the cJUN NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway using murine models with compound JNK-deficiency in mammary and kidney epithelial cells. These studies demonstrated that JNK is required for efficient anoikis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, JNK-promoted anoikis required pro-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family of proteins. We show that JNK acts through a BAK/BAX-dependent apoptotic pathway by increasing BIM expression and phosphorylating BMF leading to death of detached epithelial cells.

2017-11-14 | GSE88856 | GEO

Cordyceps promotes MKK7-JNK signaling pathway by reducing NF-κB/GADD45b signaling activation to induce apoptosis in TK-10 renal cell carcinoma

Project description:Cordyceps participates in various pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, and is involved in the regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. However, the detailed role of cordycepin in suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway is less clear. In this study, we first analyzed the effect of cordyceps on NF-κB activity in TK-10 cells, and found that cordyceps resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Here, we show that cordyceps mediated NF-kB inhibition induces apoptosis in TK-10 cells involved the serial activation of caspases. Moreover, we demonstrate that in addition to activating caspases, the cordyceps negatively modulates TNF-α-mediated NF-κB signaling to promote JNK activation, which results in apoptosis, and that NF-kB regulates antiapoptotic factor GADD45b and the JNK kinase MKK7. When the TNFα cytokine binds to the TNF receptor, IκB dissociates from NF-κB. As a result, the active NF-κB translocates to the nucleus. Cordyceps clearly prevented NF-κB from mobilizing to the nucleus, resulting in downregulation of GADD45b, whereas upregulation of MKK7 and phosphorylation of JNK (p-JNK). This increased Bax activation, leading to marked cordyceps-induced apoptosis. Bax subfamily proteins induced apoptosis through caspase-3. Furthermore, siRNA mediated inhibition of MKK7 downregulated p-JNK and The JNK inhibitor SP600125 strongly inhibited Bax. Thus, these results indicate that cordyceps inhibits NF-κB/GADD45b signaling activation to upregulate MKK7-JNK signaling pathway to induce apoptosis in TK-10 cells and support the potential of cordyceps as a therapeutic agent for renal cancer.

2016-05-24 | GSE81728 | GEO

Nuclear Factor-kappa B inhibition in mouse aortic smooth muscle cells stimulated by cholesterol overload or tumor necrosis factor

Project description:To test whether cholesterol overload in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) drives NF-kappaB signaling and to map target genes controlled by NF-kappaB signaling in SMCs, we cultured primary aortic SMCs from wildtype mice in the presence of cyclodextrin-complexed cholesterol or the prototypical NF-kappaB activator tumor necrosis factor (TNF) with or without blocking canonical NF-kappaB signaling by knockdown of inhibitor of kappaB kinase beta (Ikbkb).

2023-12-07 | E-MTAB-13416 | biostudies-arrayexpress

NF-kB Broadly Orchestrates Nucleosome Remodeling during the Primary Response to Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling [scATAC-seq]

Project description:Inducible nucleosome remodeling at hundreds of latent enhancers and several promoters helps shape the transcriptional response to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in macrophages. However, the identities of the transcription factors that promote TLR-induced remodeling have remained elusive. An analysis strategy that enriched ATAC-seq profiles for genomic regions most likely to undergo remodeling uncovered a unique relationship between NF-kB and TLR4-induced remodeling events. A critical functional role for NF-kB in remodeling was then revealed by CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis of NF-kB genes and binding motifs. This critical role is broad and possibly universal during the TLR4 primary response. Remodeling selectivity at defined regions is often conferred by collaboration between NF-kB and other inducible factors, including IRF3 and MAP kinase-induced factors. Thus, NF-kB is unique among TLR4-induced transcription factors in its broad contribution to inducible nucleosome remodeling, alongside its well-established ability to activate poised enhancers and promoters assembled into open chromatin.

2024-01-16 | GSE248713 | GEO

KLF2-induced actin shear fibers control both alignment to flow and JNK signaling in vascular endothelium

Project description:The shear stress-induced transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) confers anti-inflammatory properties to endothelial cells through inhibition of activator protein 1, presumably by interfering with MAPK cascades. To gain insight into the regulation of these cascades by KLF2, we used antibody arrays in combination with time-course mRNA micro-array analysis. No gross changes in MAPKs were detected, rather phosphorylation of actin cytoskeleton-associated proteins, including Focal Adhesion Kinase, was markedly repressed by KLF2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that KLF2-mediated inhibition of Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and its downstream targets ATF2/c-Jun is dependent on the cytoskeleton. Specifically, KLF2 directs the formation of typical short basal actin filaments, we term shear fibers, which are distinct from thrombin- or TNF-α-induced stress fibers. KLF2 is shown to be essential for shear stress-induced cell alignment, concomitant shear fiber assembly and inhibition of JNK signaling. These findings link the specific effects of shear-induced KLF2 on endothelial morphology to the suppression of JNK MAPK signaling in vascular homeostasis via novel actin shear fibers.

2009-12-11 | GSE19412 | GEO

Suppression of ischemia in arterial occlusive disease by JNK-promoted native collateral artery development

Project description:Arterial occlusive diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Blood flow to the affected tissue must be restored quickly if viability and function are to be preserved. Collaterals are artery-to-artery or arteriole-to-arteriole interconnections that can bypass an occlusion by providing an alternative route for blood flow to the affected tissue. The increased flow and sheer stress initiate processes that result in the remodeling (arteriogenesis) of these vessels into efficient conductance arteries. Here we report that the mixed-lineage kinase (MLK) pathway activates cJun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in endothelial cells. Disruption of Mlk2/3 or Jnk1/2 genes caused severe blockade of blood flow and failure to recover in the femoral artery ligation model of hindlimb ischemia because of abnormal collateral arteries. We show that the MLK-JNK pathway is essential for patterning and maturation of collateral arteries during development, but this pathway is not required for angiogenesis or arteriogenesis in adults. JNK in endothelial cells promotes Delta-like 4-induced Notch signaling and suppresses excessive sprouting angiogenesis during development. This function of the MLK-JNK pathway contributes to normal formation of native collateral arteries. The MLK-JNK pathway is therefore a key regulatory mechanism for vascular development. These data highlight the crucial importance of the collateral circulation in the response to arterial occlusive diseases. RNA-seq analysis of mouse lung endothelial cells (MLEC) of the following genotypes Cdh5-Cre+ Jnk1+/+ Jnk2+/+ Jnk3-/-(ECtrl), Cdh5-Cre- Jnk1LoxP/LoxP Jnk2LoxP/LoxP Jnk3-/- (EfCtrl), and Cdh5-Cre+ Jnk1LoxP/LoxP Jnk2LoxP/LoxP Jnk3-/- (E3KO). Three separate samples from mouse lung endothelial cells of each genotype were analyzed.

2016-08-09 | E-GEOD-71159 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Suppression of ischemia in arterial occlusive disease by JNK-promoted native collateral artery development

2016-08-09 | GSE71159 | GEO

Expression data from DMSO and SP600125 treated neurons

Project description:Expression profiling of from DMSO and SP600125 treated glutamatergic neurons reveals JNK target genes that are transcriptionally regulated by JNK signaling. SP600125 is a known JNK signaling inhibitor and therefore, we used this to test whether the expression of JNK bound genes is affected upon inhibition of JNK kinase activity.

2011-12-18 | GSE25529 | GEO

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