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Upregulated cholesterol biosynthesis facilitates the survival of methylation-retaining AML cells following decitabine treatment [single_colony_TEM-Seq]

ABSTRACT: DNA hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are used to treat acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplasia patients who are unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy, but low response rates and therapy-resistant relapse remain significant challenges. To optimise HMA efficacy, we must understand how resistance and relapse arise from cells that survive treatment. Here we combine single-cell multi-omic analysis with parallel colony-forming assays to link HMA-induced molecular heterogeneity with functional consequences in AML cells. HMAs, azacytidine cytidine (azacytidine ) and decitabine (decitabine ), induced global epigenetic heterogeneity associated with upregulation of inflammatory responses and cell death pathways in a subset of hypomethylated cells. Some AML cells maintained high DNA methylation during treatment, and these methylation-retaining cells had increased self-renewal capacity following decitabine , but not azacytidine . Molecular profiling of individual colonies revealed upregulated cholesterol biosynthesis as an adaptation to HMA treatment, and inhibition by rosuvastatin enhanced decitabine effects in vitro and in vivo. Thus, HMA-induced heterogeneity has important implications for AML cell growth and statins are a candidate co-treatment strategy to delay or prevent HMA-resistant relapse.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE256353 | GEO | 2025/07/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Upregulated cholesterol biosynthesis facilitates the survival of methylation-retaining AML cells following decitabine treatment. [scTEM-Seq]

Project description:DNA hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are used to treat acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplasia patients who are unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy, but low response rates and therapy-resistant relapse remain significant challenges. To optimise HMA efficacy, we must understand how resistance and relapse arise from cells that survive treatment. Here we combine single-cell multi-omic analysis with parallel colony-forming assays to link HMA-induced molecular heterogeneity with functional consequences in AML cells. HMAs, azacytidine (azacytidine) and decitabine (decitabine), induced global epigenetic heterogeneity associated with upregulation of inflammatory responses and cell death pathways in a subset of hypomethylated cells. Some AML cells maintained high DNA methylation during treatment, and these methylation-retaining cells had increased self-renewal capacity following decitabine, but not azacytidine. Molecular profiling of individual colonies revealed upregulated cholesterol biosynthesis as an adaptation to HMA treatment, and inhibition by rosuvastatin enhanced decitabine effects in vitro and in vivo. Thus, HMA-induced heterogeneity has important implications for AML cell growth and statins are a candidate co-treatment strategy to delay or prevent HMA-resistant relapse.

2025-07-22 | GSE260868 | GEO

Upregulated cholesterol biosynthesis facilitates the survival of methylation-retaining AML cells following decitabine treatment [pooled TEM-seq]

Project description:DNA hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are used to treat acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplasia patients who are unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy, but low response rates and therapy-resistant relapse remain significant challenges. To optimise HMA efficacy, we must understand how resistance and relapse arise from cells that survive treatment. Here we combine single-cell multi-omic analysis with parallel colony-forming assays to link HMA-induced molecular heterogeneity with functional consequences in AML cells. HMAs, azacytidine cytidine (azacytidine ) and decitabine (decitabine ), induced global epigenetic heterogeneity associated with upregulation of inflammatory responses and cell death pathways in a subset of hypomethylated cells. Some AML cells maintained high DNA methylation during treatment, and these methylation-retaining cells had increased self-renewal capacity following decitabine , but not azacytidine . Molecular profiling of individual colonies revealed upregulated cholesterol biosynthesis as an adaptation to HMA treatment, and inhibition by rosuvastatin enhanced decitabine effects in vitro and in vivo. Thus, HMA-induced heterogeneity has important implications for AML cell growth and statins are a candidate co-treatment strategy to delay or prevent HMA-resistant relapse.

2025-07-22 | GSE263049 | GEO

Upregulated cholesterol biosynthesis facilitates the survival of methylation-retaining AML cells following decitabine treatment [scNMT-Seq]

Project description:DNA hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are used to treat acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplasia patients who are unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy, but low response rates and therapy-resistant relapse remain significant challenges. To optimise HMA efficacy, we must understand how resistance and relapse arise from cells that survive treatment. Here we combine single-cell multi-omic analysis with parallel colony-forming assays to link HMA-induced molecular heterogeneity with functional consequences in AML cells. HMAs, azacytidine (AZA) and decitabine (DAC), induced global epigenetic heterogeneity associated with upregulation of inflammatory responses and cell death pathways in a subset of hypomethylated cells. Some AML cells maintained high DNA methylation during treatment, and these methylation-retaining cells had increased self-renewal capacity following DAC, but not AZA. Molecular profiling of individual colonies revealed upregulated cholesterol biosynthesis as an adaptation to HMA treatment, and inhibition by rosuvastatin enhanced DAC effects in vitro and in vivo. Thus, HMA-induced heterogeneity has important implications for AML cell growth and statins are a candidate co-treatment strategy to delay or prevent HMA-resistant relapse.

2025-07-22 | GSE255339 | GEO

Hypoxia impairs decitabine-induced expression of HLA-DR in acute myeloid leukaemia cell lines [RNA-seq]

Project description:Background Hypomethylating agents (HMA), such as azacytidine (AZA) and decitabine (DAC), are epigenetic therapies used to treat some patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). HMAs act in a replication-dependent manner to remove DNA methylation from the genome. However, AML cells targeted by HMA therapy are often quiescent within the bone marrow, where oxygen levels are low. In this study, we investigate the effects of hypoxia on HMA responses in AML cells. Results AML cell lines (MOLM-13, MV-4-11, HL-60) were treated with DAC (100nM) or AZA (500-2000nM) in normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. Hypoxia significantly reduced AML cell growth and colony-forming capacity across all cell lines, with no additional effects observed upon HMA treatment. Hypoxia had no impact on the extent of DNA hypomethylation induced by DAC treatment, but limited AZA-induced loss of methylation from the genome. Transcriptional responses to HMA treatment were also altered, with HMAs failing to up-regulate antigen presentation pathways in hypoxia. In particular, cell surface expression of the MHC class II receptor, HLA-DR, was increased by DAC treatment in normoxia, but not hypoxia. Conclusion Our results suggest that HMA-induced antigen presentation may be impaired by hypoxia. This study highlights the need to consider microenvironmental factors when designing co-treatment strategies to improve HMA therapeutic efficacy.

2025-01-29 | GSE285257 | GEO

Hypoxia impairs decitabine-induced expression of HLA-DR in acute myeloid leukaemia cell lines [Bisulfite-Seq]

2025-01-29 | GSE285254 | GEO

Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screening Identifies a Synergy between Hypomethylating Agents and SUMOylation Blockade in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Project description:Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are frontline therapies effective at altering the natural course of Myelodysplastic Neoplasms (MDS). However, acquired resistance and treatment failure are hallmarks of HMA therapy. Developing effective and rational HMA-focused combinatorial therapies is challenging as the underlying mechanisms driving HMA efficacy are complex. To address this clinical need, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen in a human MDS-derived cell line, MDS-L, and characterized TOPORS as a highly ranked target that synergizes with HMAs to reduce leukemic burden and improve survival in xenograft models. We demonstrated that the depletion of TOPORS mediates sensitivity to HMAs by predisposing leukemic blasts to an impaired DNA damage response (DDR) accompanied by an accumulation of SUMOylated DNMT1 in HMA-treated TOPORS-depleted cells. Importantly, the combination of HMAs with targeting of TOPORS did not functionally impair healthy hematopoiesis. While inhibitors of TOPORS are currently unavailable, we show that inhibition of SUMOylation (upstream of TOPORS functions) with TAK-981 partially phenocopies HMA-sensitivity and DDR impairment. Overall, our data suggest that the combination of HMAs with the inhibition of SUMOylation demonstrates a favourable therapeutic index and represents a rational framework towards the treatment of High-Risk MDS (HR-MDS) or Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).

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Project description:The hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine (AZA) is the first-line induction therapy for AML patients unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy. The anti-tumor effect of AZA results in part from T-cell cytotoxic responses against MHC-I-associated peptides (MAPs) deriving from hypermethylated genomic regions such as cancer-testis antigens (CTAs), or endogenous retroelements (EREs). However, clear evidence supporting higher ERE MAPs presentation after AZA treatment in AML is lacking. Interestingly, we find that AZA-mediated DNMT2 inhibition leads to autophagy induction, which is responsible for mitigating ERE MAPs generation. To validate our findings, we examined the immunopeptidome of THP-1 cells treated with AZA combined with autophagy inhibitor, Spautin-1 or decitabine (DAC, non-DNMT2 inhibiting HMA) through a proteogenomic approach.

2024-04-17 | PXD046853 | Pride

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Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screening Identifies a Synergy between Hypomethylating Agents and SUMOylation Blockade in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (RNA-Seq)

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Gene expression data of serially sorted primary AML patient blasts prior and after treatment with the DNMT inhibitor decitabine (DAC)

Project description:The therapeutic effect of DNA-hypomethylating agents (HMAs) in AML/MDS is discussed to be via its effects on aberrant gene silencing by reactivation (e.g. through promoter demethylation). While this has been broadly studied in cell line models, only very few studies have addressed the global effects of HMAs in primary blasts serially isolated from AML patients (pts) undergoing HMA treatment (Claus et al., Leuk. Res. 2013, Klco et al., Blood 2013, Welch et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 2016). We therefore conducted prospective serial methylome and transcriptome analyses on AML blasts from pts of the DECIDER trial (NCT00867672), hypothesizing that both random and non-random effects of the HMA may be observed in vivo.

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