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Anti-TIGIT antibody improves PD-L1 blockade through myeloid and Treg cells

ABSTRACT: Tiragolumab, an anti-TIGIT antibody with an active IgG1κ Fc, demonstrated improved outcomes in the phase 2 CITYSCAPE trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03563716) when combined with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) versus atezolizumab alone. However, there remains little consensus on the mechanism(s) of response with this combination. Here we find that a high baseline of intratumoural macrophages and regulatory T cells is associated with better outcomes in patients treated with atezolizumab plus tiragolumab but not with atezolizumab alone. Serum sample analysis revealed that macrophage activation is associated with a clinical benefit in patients who received the combination treatment. In mouse tumour models, tiragolumab surrogate antibodies inflamed tumour-associated macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells through Fcγ receptors (FcγR), in turn driving anti-tumour CD8+ T cells from an exhausted effector-like state to a more memory-like state. These results reveal a mechanism of action through which TIGIT checkpoint inhibitors can remodel immunosuppressive tumour microenvironments, and suggest that FcγR engagement is an important consideration in anti-TIGIT antibody development.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE260816 | GEO | 2024/03/04

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Nonfucosylation of an anti-TIGIT antibody enhances FcyR engagement, driving innate immune activation and antitumor activity

Project description:TIGIT is an immune checkpoint receptor expressed on activated and memory T cells, immunosuppressive T regulatory cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. TIGIT has emerged as an attractive target for antitumor therapies, due to its proposed immunosuppressive effects on lymphocyte function and T cell activation. We generated an anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds with high affinity to human, non-human primate, and murine TIGIT and through multiple experimental methodologies demonstrated that checkpoint blockade alone is insufficient for antitumor activity. Generating anti-TIGIT mAbs with various Fc backbones we show that muting the Fc-Fcγ receptor (FcγR) interaction failed to drive antitumor activity, while mAbs with Fc functional backbones demonstrate substantial antitumor activity, mediated through activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), T cell priming, and NK-mediated depletion of suppressive Tregs and exhausted T cells. Further, nonfucosylation of the Fc backbone resulted in enhanced immune responses and antitumor activity relative to the intact IgG1 backbone. The improved activity correlated with the biased FcγR interaction profile of the nonfucosylated anti-TIGIT mAb, which supports that FcγRIIIa binding with decreased FcγRIIb binding favorably activates APCs and enhances tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses. The anti-TIGIT mAbs with intact FcγR interacting backbones also demonstrated synergistic enhancement of other standard antitumor treatments, including anti-PD-1 treatment and a model monomethyl auristatin E antibody–drug conjugate. These findings highlight the importance of the anti-TIGIT mAb’s Fc backbone to its antitumor activity and the extent to which this activity can be enhanced through nonfucosylation of the backbone

2023-10-18 | GSE241212 | GEO

The Co-inhibitory Receptor TIGIT has T cell intrinsic functions

Project description:We compared the gene expression in wild type CD4+ T cells stimulated with agonistic anti-TIGIT 4D4 antibody to that of isotype and TIGIT-deficient (KO) controls.

2011-01-01 | E-MEXP-2847 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression profiles of TREM-1 high and TREM-1 low expressing monocytes

Project description:The expression of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells (TREM)-1 has been described as a predictive marker for anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy responsiveness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here we investigated expression of TREM-1 specifically in CD14+ monocytes in relation to anti-TNF response. The pretreatment TREM-1 expression levels of CD14+ monocytes of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients were predictive of outcome to anti-TNF mAb therapy, with low TREM-1 expression associated with response to anti-TNF. FACSorting of CD14+ monocytes with different TREM-1 levels showed that differentiation towards regulatory CD206+ M2 type macrophages by anti-TNF was suppressed in CD14+ monocytes with high TREM-1 expression. Activity of the Fcγ-Receptor and autophagy pathway, both necessary for M2 type differentiation and the response to anti-TNF, were decreased in CD14+ monocytes with high expression of TREM-1. We confirmed that the activity of the Fcγ-Receptor pathway was decreased in the CD patients that did not respond to anti-TNF therapy and that it was negatively correlated with TREM-1 expression levels in the CD patient cohort. In conclusion, our results indicate that TREM-1 expression levels in CD14+ monocytes associate with decreased autophagy and FcγR activity resulting in decreased differentiation to M2 type regulatory macrophages upon anti-TNF mAb treatment, which may explain anti-TNF non-response in IBD patients with high expression levels of TREM-1.

2021-04-07 | GSE165522 | GEO

Hysteresis of IL-10R primes solid tumour microenvironment for bacterial immunotherapy

Project description:Hysteresis, a ubiquitous phenomenon in nonlinear systems, plays a vital role in diverse scientific disciplines. Here, we demonstrated the presence of hysteresis in the expression of interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) within the tumour microenvironment (TME) during bacterial immunotherapy. The engineered Salmonella enterica, administered intravenously, exhibited remarkable efficacy in multiple tumour types, effectively eliminating tumours and preventing recurrence and metastasis. We found that the hysteretic response of IL-10R can prime TME for bacterial homing and reinvigorate intratumoural CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the differential IL-10R levels observed in different human tumour types suggest a potential correlation with clinical outcomes. Overall, our study not only uncovers the central role of hysteresis in driving the therapeutic effects of bacterial immunotherapy, but also provides a framework for intratumoural immunomodulation in solid tumour treatment.

2024-04-10 | GSE263108 | GEO

High titers and low fucosylation of early anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG promote hyper-inflammation by anti-inflammatory macrophages (MIL10)

Project description:Patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mostly become critically ill around the time of activation of the adaptive immune response. Here, we provide evidence that antibodies play a role in the worsening of disease at the time of seroconversion. We show that early phase severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific IgG in serum of critically ill COVID-19 patients induces hyper-inflammatory responses by human alveolar macrophages. We identified that this excessive inflammatory response is dependent on two antibody features that are specific for patients with severe COVID-19. First, inflammation is driven by high titers of anti-spike IgG, a hallmark of severe disease. Second, we found that anti-spike IgG from patients with severe COVID-19 is intrinsically more pro-inflammatory because of different glycosylation, particularly low fucosylation, of the Fc tail. Notably, low anti-spike IgG fucosylation normalized in a few weeks after initial infection with SARS-CoV-2, indicating that the increased antibody-dependent inflammation mainly occurs at the time of seroconversion. We identified Fcγ Receptor (FcγR) IIa and FcγRIII as the two primary IgG receptors that are responsible for the induction of key COVID-19-associated cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor. In addition, we show that anti-spike IgG-activated macrophages can subsequently break pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity and induce microvascular thrombosis in vitro. Finally, we demonstrate that the hyper-inflammatory response induced by anti-spike IgG can be specifically counteracted by fostamatinib, an FDA- and EMA-approved therapeutic small molecule inhibitor of the kinase, Syk.

2021-04-30 | E-MTAB-10431 | biostudies-arrayexpress

PD-L1 blockade-induced temporal single cell dynamics in triple negative breast cancer

Project description:Despite the progress in immunotherapies, leading immune checkpoint inhibitors are only effective in a subset of patients. The efficacy of atezolizumab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is limited for unknown reasons. We utilized single-cell RNA- and ATAC-sequencing to examine the dynamics of immune cells in metastatic TNBC patients treated with paclitaxel or its combination with atezolizumab. We found that paclitaxel selectively damaged tumor-reactive T cells while atezolizumab was effective in a small set of patients with high levels of baseline B cells and CXCL13+ T cells. B cells concertedly expanded with CXCL13+ T cells in responsive patients following paclitaxel plus atezolizumab treatment. Our data highlight the importance of potential tumor-reactive T cells and their orchestrators in the effective response to anti-PD-L1 therapies, and reveal drawbacks of existing clinical trials for TNBC.

2021-09-15 | GSE169246 | GEO

Tissue-resident memory T-cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma co-express PD-1 and TIGIT and inhibition is reversible by dual antibody blockade

Project description:An in-depth investigation of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumour microenvironment highlights PD-1 and TIGIT, or their corresponding ligands, as potential targets for combinatorial monoclonal antibody therapy to treat this devastating disease.

2023-01-24 | GSE210199 | GEO

Cancer-cell intrinsic gene expression signatures minimise the confounding effects of intratumoural heterogeneity in colorectal cancer patient classification.

Project description:Stromal-derived intratumoural heterogeneity (ITH) has been shown to undermine molecular stratification of patients into appropriate prognostic/predictive subgroups. Using several clinically relevant colorectal cancer (CRC) gene expression signatures, we assessed the susceptibility of these signatures to the confounding effects of ITH using gene expression microarray data obtained from multiple tumour regions of a cohort of 24 patients, including central tumour, the tumour invasive front and lymph node metastasis.

2017-05-01 | GSE95109 | GEO

ML29755 RNA-seq data

Project description:Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression has been associated with response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition, but responses are also seen in patients with PD-L1 negative tumors when assessed immunohistochemically (IHC) with various antibodies. To help elucidate these findings, we performed a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging study in human with the anti-PD-L1 antibody atezolizumab labeled with Zirconium-89 (89Zr) prior to treatment with atezolizumab to assess normal tissue distribution and evaluate tumor tracer uptake. Additionally, to help explain why some patients respond to checkpoint inhibitors despite low or absent PD-L1 expression, we compared PD-L1 expression and immune phenotypes based on both CD8 IHC and RNA sequencing of post-tracer biopsies to tumor tracer uptake (SUVmax).

2018-06-12 | GSE115594 | GEO

Activity of the novel BTK inhibitor TG-1701 is associated with the disruption of the Ikaros signaling pathway in responder B-NHL patients and with sensitization to anti-CD20 therapy in B-NHL xenografts

Project description:Covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) have transformed the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), but their activity has been limited by off-target toxicity and acquired drug resistance. TG-1701 is a novel irreversible and highly specific BTKi being presently under study in a phase 1 clinical trial in patients with relapsed/refractory B-NHL alone and in combination with ublituximab, a CD20 antibody, and umbralisib, a dual PI3Kδ and CK1ε inhibitor. Here we show, for the first time that phosphoproteomic analysis of CLL patients receiving a BTKi (TG-1701) led to a non-supervised clustering that matched the clinical outcomes and separated a group of “responders” from a group of “non-responders”. This clustering was based on a selected list of 96 phosphosites, with Ikaros-Ser442/445 phosphorylation as a potential marker for TG-1701 efficacy. RNA-seq analysis followed by qPCR and western blot validation further revealed that TG-1701 treatment blunted the Ikaros gene signature only in responder patients, as well as in BTKi-sensitive, but not BTKi-insensitive, B-NHL cell lines and xenografts. Importantly, and in contrast with ibrutinib, TG-1701 did not impair FcγR-driven antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis (ADCP) triggered by the anti-CD20 antibodies rituximab and ublituximab in a multicellular MCL co-culture system. In addition, TG-1701 cooperated with ublituximab coupled to umbralisib (also referred as the U2 regimen) in reducing the tumor growth in both ibrutinib-sensitive and ibrutinib-insensitive mouse models of MCL. Altogether, these data validate phosphoproteomic as a broken thread to omics analysis in the clinic and support the use of TG-1701-U2 combination in R/R B-NHL patients, irrespective of prior response to ibrutinib.

2021-09-22 | PXD023231 | Pride

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