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A Novel Viral Assembly Inhibitor Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Airway Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT: The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 to evade vaccines and therapeutics underlines the need for novel therapies with high genetic barriers to resistance. The small molecule PAV-104, identified through a cell-free protein synthesis and assembly screen, was recently shown to target host protein assembly machinery in a manner specific to viral assembly. Here, we investigated the capacity of PAV-104 to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human airway epithelial cells (AECs). Our data demonstrate that PAV-104 inhibited >99% of infection with diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants in primary and immortalized human AECs. PAV-104 suppressed SARS-CoV-2 production without affecting viral entry or protein synthesis. PAV-104 interacted with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and interfered with its oligomerization, blocking particle assembly. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PAV-104 reversed SARS-CoV-2 induction of the type-I interferon response and the maturation of nucleoprotein signaling pathway known to support coronavirus replication. Our findings suggest that PAV-104 is a promising therapeutic candidate for COVID-19.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE261002 | GEO | 2024/03/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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A novel cell culture system modeling the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle

Project description:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the global pandemic of COVID-19, and no effective antiviral agents and vaccines are available. SARS-CoV-2 is classified as a biosafety level-3 (BLS-3) agent, impeding the basic research into its biology and the development of effective antivirals. Here, we described a safe cell culture system for production of transcription and replication-competent, biologically contained SARS-CoV-2 virus like particles (trVLP) that express a reporter gene (GFP) replacing viral nucleocapsid gene, which is required for viral genome packaging and virion assembly (SARS-CoV-2-GFP/N trVLP). The complete viral life cycle can be exclusively achieved and confined in the cells expressing SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 N proteins in trans, but not MERS-CoV N. Additionally, genetic recombination of N supplied in trans into viral genome was not detected, as evidenced by sequence analysis after one-month serial passages in N-expressing Caco-2 cells. Moreover, Intein-mediated protein trans-splicing approach was utilized to split the viral N gene into two independent vectors, and the ligated viral N protein could function in trans to recapitulate entire viral life cycle, further securing the biosafety of this cell culture model. To prove the suitability of this system in antivirals discovery, we developed a 96-well format high throughput screening to identify salinomycin, monensin sodium and lycorine chloride exhibiting potent antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Collectively, we propose that this cell culture system based on Intein-N genetic complementation to produce SARS-CoV-2 trVLP provides a safe means to dissect the virus life cycle, and thus accelerate our understanding of virus biology, as well as for more applied uses such as the screening and development of novel antivirals, and thus represent powerful tools for SARS-CoV-2 study.

2020-12-03 | GSE162629 | GEO

The SARS-CoV-2 RNA-protein interactome in infected human cells

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2020-12-01 | GSE154430 | GEO

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Project description:Regulation of viral RNA biogenesis is fundamental to productive SARS-CoV-2 infection. To characterize host RNA-binding proteins involved in this process, we biochemically identified proteins bound to genomic and subgenomic SARS-CoV-2 RNAs. We find that the host protein SND1 specifically binds to the 5'-end of negative-sense viral RNA and is required for SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis. SND1-depleted cells form smaller replication organelles and display diminished virus growth kinetics. We discover that NSP9, a viral RNA-binding protein and direct SND1 interaction partner, is covalently linked to the 5'-ends of positive and negative-sense RNAs produced during infection. These linkages occur at replication-transcription initiation sites, consistent with NSP9 priming viral RNA synthesis. Mechanistically, SND1 remodels NSP9 occupancy and alters the covalent linkage of NSP9 to initiating nucleotides in viral RNA. Our findings implicate NSP9 in the initiation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis and unravel an unsuspected role of a cellular protein in orchestrating viral RNA production.

2023-10-03 | GSE217429 | GEO

Blood RNA-seq data from individuals during the UK Covid-19 lockdown, spanning sequential weeks from first PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, used to evaluate blood transcriptomic signatures of viral infection and identify host-response biomarkers of early SARS-CoV-2 infection

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2021-07-07 | E-MTAB-10022 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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2023-04-26 | GSE201626 | GEO

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2021-12-02 | PXD027168 | Pride

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Project description:SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, drastically modifies infected cells in an effort to optimize virus replication. Included in this process is the activation of the host p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which plays a major role in inflammation and is a central driver of COVID-19 clinical presentations. Inhibition of p38/MAPK activity in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells reduces both cytokine production and viral replication. Here, we combined genetic screening with quantitative phosphoproteomics to better understand interactions between the p38/MAPK pathway and SARS-CoV-2. We found several components of the p38/MAPK pathway impact SARS-CoV-2 replication and that p38β is a critical host factor that promotes viral replication and prevents activation of the interferon pathway. Quantitative phosphoproteomics uncovered several SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein phosphorylation sites near the N-terminus that were sensitive to p38 inhibition. Similar to p38β depletion, mutation of these N residues was associated with reduced viral replication and increased activation of Type I interferon signaling. Taken together, this study reveals a unique proviral function for p38β that is not shared with p38α, and supports efforts to develop p38β inhibitors as a strategy towards developing a new class of COVID-19 therapies. methods

2023-06-01 | PXD035451 | Pride

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2021-02-19 | ST001709 | MetabolomicsWorkbench

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Project description:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N) protein is highly expressed upon infection and is essential for viral replication, making it a promising target for antiviral drug and vaccine development. Here, starting from a functional proteomics workflow, we catalogued the protein-protein interactions of 28 SARS-CoV-2 proteins in HEK293 cells, including an evolutionarily conserved specific interaction of N with the stress granule resident proteins G3BP1 and G3BP2. N protein localizes to stress granules and sequesters G3BP1 and G3BP2 away from their normal interaction partners, thus attenuating stress granule formation. N also binds directly to host mRNAs, with a preference for 3´ UTRs, and modulates target mRNA stability. We show that SARS-CoV-2 N protein rewires the G3BP1 mRNA-binding profile, thereby suppressing host gene expression changes induced in response to cellular stress.

2021-12-17 | GSE171009 | GEO

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