Similar Datasets
Project description:Relevance of the regulation of the brain-placental axis to the nocturnal bottleneck of mammals
| PRJNA1089138 | ENA
Project description:We performed deep sequencing of small RNA in the fetal brain and placenta of male and female fetuses to study expression pattern of miRNA and identify key miRNAs that are relevant to gene regulation of the brain-placental axis
2021-08-26 | GSE157554 | GEO
Project description:Piglets cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) show a high incidence of malformations and a high death rate during the perinatal period. To investigate the underlying mechanisms for abnormal development of cloned pig fetuses, we compared body weight, amniotic fluid (AF) metabolome, and placental transcriptome between SCNT- and artificial insemination (AI)-derived pig fetuses. Results showed that the body weight of SCNT pig fetuses was significantly lower than that of AI pig fetuses. The identified differential metabolites between the two groups of AF were mainly involved in bile acids and steroid hormones. The levels of all detected bile acids in SCNT AF were significantly higher than those in AI AF. The increase in the AF bile acid levels in SCNT fetuses was linked with the downregulation of placental bile acid transporter expression and the abnormal development of placental folds (PFs), both of which negatively affected the transfer of bile acids from AF across the placenta into the mother's circulation. Alteration in the AF steroid hormone levels in cloned fetuses was associated with decreased expression of enzymes responsible for steroid hormone biosynthesis in the placenta. In conclusion, cloned pig fetuses undergo abnormal intrauterine development associated with alteration of bile acid and steroid hormone levels in AF, which may be due to the poor development of PFs and the erroneous expression of bile acid transporters and enzymes responsible for steroid hormone biosynthesis in the placentas.
2020-01-08 | MTBLS666 | MetaboLights
Project description:Fetal sex influences the accessibility of the placental chromatin to REST. REST targeted fewer sites in the female placental compared to that of male. REST bound to 7,254 common sites in both sexes but nearly 17-fold more number of sites in the male placenta compared to the female placenta.
2023-09-01 | GSE157552 | GEO
Project description:The etiology of fetal growth restriction (FGR) is multifactorial, although many cases often involve placental insufficiency. Placental insufficiency is associated with inadequate trophoblast invasion that results in an environment with high resistance to blood flow, decreased availability of nutrients to the placenta, and increased hypoxia. Despite accumulating knowledge linking inadequate trophoblast invasion with placental insufficiency and FGR, current treatment options are limited to iatrogenic delivery, usually preterm. We have developed a non-viral, polymer-based nanoparticle that facilitates transient human insulin-like 1 growth factor (hIGF1) gene delivery specifically to placental trophoblast. Using the established guinea pig maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) model of placental insufficiency and FGR, the aim of the study was to identify novel pathways in the sub-placenta/decidua that will provide insight into the underlying mechanism driving FGR, and may be corrected with hIGF1 nanoparticle treatment. Pregnant guinea pig dams underwent ultrasound-guided sham or hIGF1 nanoparticle treatment at mid-pregnancy, and sub-placenta/decidua tissue was collected 5 days later. Transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA Sequencing on the Illumina platform. Histological assessment of the sub-placenta/decidua demonstrated fewer maternal spiral arteries lined by trophoblast in the MNR sub-placenta/decidua which was associated with downregulation of genes involved in epithelium development and the regulation of cell migration. hIGF1 nanoparticle treatment results in marked changes to transporter activity in the MNR + hIGF1 sub-placenta/decidua when compared to sham MNR. Under normal growth conditions however, hIGF1 nanoparticle treatment in Control + hIGF1 sub-placenta/decidua was associated with downregulation of kinase signaling and increased proteolysis indicative of homeostasis. Overall, this study identified changes to the sub-placenta/decidua transcriptome that likely result in inadequate trophoblast invasion and that contribute to placental insufficiency. Additionally, this study has increased our understanding of pathways that hIGF1 nanoparticle treatment acts on in order to restore or maintain appropriate placenta function.
2025-03-26 | GSE269098 | GEO
Project description:Cell atlas of the human placenta
| EGAS00001004187 | EGA
Project description:Nonfunctional visual genes are usually associated with species that inhabit poor light environments (aquatic/subterranean/nocturnal), and these genes are believed to have lost function through relaxed selection acting on the visual system. Indeed, the visual system is so adaptive that the reconstruction of intact ancestral opsin genes has been used to reject nocturnality in ancestral primates. To test these assertions, we examined the functionality of the short and medium- to long-wavelength opsin genes in a group of mammals that are supremely adapted to a nocturnal niche: the bats. We sequenced the visual cone opsin genes in 33 species of bat with diverse sensory ecologies and reconstructed their evolutionary history spanning 65 million years. We found that, whereas the long-wave opsin gene was conserved in all species, the short-wave opsin gene has undergone dramatic divergence among lineages. The occurrence of gene defects in the short-wave opsin gene leading to loss of function was found to directly coincide with the origin of high-duty-cycle echolocation and changes in roosting ecology in some lineages. Our findings indicate that both opsin genes have been under purifying selection in the majority bats despite a long history of nocturnality. However, when spectacular losses do occur, these result from an evolutionary sensory modality tradeoff, most likely driven by subtle shifts in ecological specialization rather than a nocturnal lifestyle. Our results suggest that UV color vision plays a considerably more important role in nocturnal mammalian sensory ecology than previously appreciated and highlight the caveat of inferring light environments from visual opsins and vice versa.
| S-EPMC2690009 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Placental aging has been proposed to promote labor onset, but specific mechanisms remain elusive. An unbiased transcriptomic analysis of healthy mouse placenta revealed that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) stabilization is a hallmark of advanced gestational timepoints, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence. We validated these gestational age-associated changes through similar findings in human placenta. In parallel in primary mouse trophoblasts and human choriocarcinoma JAR cells, we modeled HIF-1 induction using prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), and demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence occur secondary to HIF-1 stabilization. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed that HIF-1 stabilization in JAR cells recapitulated the dysregulation of several pathways observed in aged placenta. Further, conditioned media from cultured trophoblasts following HIF-1 induction is sufficient to induce a contractile phenotype in immortalized uterine myocytes, suggesting a mechanism by which the aging placenta may help drive the transition from uterine quiescence to contractility at the onset of labor.
2022-03-29 | GSE199278 | GEO
Project description:Previous work has suggested that the imprinted gene Phlda2 regulates the signalling function of the placenta by modulating the size of the endocrine compartment. This study investigated the affect that Phlda2 mutant placenta has upon the brains of the wildtype dams carrying different placenta and consequently offspring. Affymetrix Mouse Microarray analysis of maternal hippocampus and hypothalamus was used to demonstrate gene expression changes in the maternal brains of wildtype dams carrying mutant placenta at E16.5.
2018-06-06 | GSE115276 | GEO
Project description:Placental invasiveness-the number of maternal tissue layers separating fetal tissues from maternal blood-is variable across mammalian species. Although this diversity is likely to be functionally important, variation in placental invasiveness remains unexplained. Here we test the hypothesis that increased risk of transplacental transmission of pathogens from the mother to the fetus promotes the evolution of non-invasive placentation, the most likely derived condition in eutherian mammals. Specifically, we predict that non-invasive placentation is associated with increased microparasite species richness relative to more invasive placental types, based on the assumption that higher numbers of microparasites in a population reflects greater risk of transplacental transmission to fetuses. As predicted, higher bacteria species richness is associated with non-invasive placentation. Protozoa species richness, however, shows the opposite pattern. Because invasive placentae facilitate the transfer of maternal antibodies to the fetus, we propose that the ancestral condition of invasive placentation is retained under selection for protection of newborns from higher risk of postnatal protozoan infection. Hence, our findings suggest that a tradeoff exists between protection against bacterial infection prenatally and protozoan infection postnatally. Future studies are needed to investigate how maternal prevalence of infection and the relative pre- versus postnatal risk of fetal infection by different microparasite groups vary among mammalian hosts in relation to placental invasiveness.
| S-EPMC4500545 | biostudies-literature