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Arctic charr exposed to acute thermal stress

ABSTRACT: Arctic charr is an especially attractive aquaculture species given that it features the desirable tissue traits of other salmonids, but can be bred and grown at inland freshwater tank farms year round. It is therefore of interest to develop upper temperature tolerant (UTT) strains of Arctic charr to increase the robustness of the species in the face of climate change, as well as to enable production in more southern regions. We conducted an acute temperature trial to identify temperature tolerant and intolerant Arctic charr individuals. Specifically, approximately 200 fish were transferred to an experimental tank (diameter: 1.86 m, depth 50 cm) and left to acclimate for 48 h at ambient temperature. After acclimation, 10 fish were removed to act as a control group, then water that had been diverted through a heat exchanger was added to the flow-through system to increase the water temperature in the tank by 6°C/h until it reached 22°C, then 0.5°C every 30 min until the water reached 25°C, the observed lethal temperature for these fish. When the water temperature reached 25°C, the temperature was held constant and the fish were closely monitored for signs of stress. The first and last 10 individuals to show loss of balance were quickly removed from the tank for sampling, thus representing the 5% least and most temperature tolerant fish, respectively. A reference design microarray study was then performed with the cGRASP 32K microarray using six samples from each group (Intolerant, Tolerant, Control) to identify genes differentially expressed between groups. The results of this study will feed into an ongoing Arctic charr marker-assisted selection based broodstock development program, and may contribute to population-based conservation initiatives for salmonids in general.

ORGANISM(S): Salmo salar Salvelinus alpinus

PROVIDER: GSE26306 | GEO | 2011/06/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA136745

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Arctic charr is an especially attractive aquaculture species given that it features the desirable tissue traits of other salmonids, but can be bred and grown at inland freshwater tank farms year round. It is therefore of interest to develop upper temperature tolerant (UTT) strains of Arctic charr to increase the robustness of the species in the face of climate change, as well as to enable production in more southern regions. We conducted an acute temperature trial to identify temperature tolerant and intolerant Arctic charr individuals. Specifically, approximately 200 fish were transferred to an experimental tank (diameter: 1.86 m, depth 50 cm) and left to acclimate for 48 h at ambient temperature. After acclimation, 10 fish were removed to act as a control group, then water that had been diverted through a heat exchanger was added to the flow-through system to increase the water temperature in the tank by 6°C/h until it reached 22°C, then 0.5°C every 30 min until the water reached 25°C, the observed lethal temperature for these fish. When the water temperature reached 25°C, the temperature was held constant and the fish were closely monitored for signs of stress. The first and last 10 individuals to show loss of balance were quickly removed from the tank for sampling, thus representing the 5% least and most temperature tolerant fish, respectively. A reference design microarray study was then performed with the cGRASP 32K microarray using six samples from each group (Intolerant, Tolerant, Control) to identify genes differentially expressed between groups. The results of this study will feed into an ongoing Arctic charr marker-assisted selection based broodstock development program, and may contribute to population-based conservation initiatives for salmonids in general. 18 microarray slides representing 6 individuals from 3 treatment groups (Intolerant, Tolerant and Control). One test cDNA labeled with cy5 and the common reference aRNA labeled with Cy3 was hybridized to each slide Reference design: 18 slides (6 x Tolerant fish, 6x Intolerant fish, 6x Control fish) were used.

Project description:Through 8 generations of selection, our group has developed a strain of rainbow trout that exhibits high growth rates on an economically and environmentally sustainable all plant protein, high-soy diet. The selected strain also shows superior performance in bacterial and viral disease challenges compared to commercial trout strains, and even a strain specifically selected over many generations for viral and bacterial disease resistance. The selection criteria was strictly focused on performance on plant-based diets, and therefore the physiological mechanisms responsible for the strain’s superior disease resistance remain unresolved. To better characterize the physiological mechanism behind the superior performance of the selected strain we compared the intestinal gene expression of the select strain to that of a commercial control line of trout during an experimental bacterial infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Fp) (CSF 259-93), the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) in salmonids. At 65 days post hatch, all female rainbow trout from the select and commercial strain were stocked separately into four 150L tanks each, at a density of 45 fish per tank. For both strains of trout, three tanks of fish were experimentally infected with Fp by intramuscular injection and one control tank was mock challenged by sham injection. Sampling was conducted at 5 days post challenge (dpc) (Early Infection) and 21 dpc (Late/Recovered Infection). Two intestinal samples from each tank were pooled and two pools from each tank were utilized for RNAseq library preparation. The select strain of trout showed significantly better survival rates (Log-Rank Test, p < 0.0001) over the 21 day infection period, with 70 and 95 % mortality among the select and commercial strain, respectively. Reads from the RNAseq samples were quantified at the transcript level prior to evaluating differential transcript usage and differential gene expression between the strains of trout, infection time points, and disease status.

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Arctic charr exposed to acute thermal stress

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