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Fibroblast-specific focal adhesion kinase links mechanical force to fibrosis via chemokine-mediated inflammatory pathways

ABSTRACT: Hypertrophic scar (HTS) formation is characterized by exuberant fibroproliferation for reasons that remain poorly understood1. One important but often overlooked component of wound repair is mechanical force, which regulates reciprocal cell-matrix interactions through focal adhesion components including focal adhesion kinase (FAK)1,2. Here we report that FAK is activated following cutaneous injury and that this activation is potentiated by mechanical loading. Transgenic mice lacking fibroblast-specific FAK exhibit significantly less fibrosis in a preclinical model of HTS formation. Inflammatory pathways involving monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a chemokine highly implicated in human skin fibrosis3, are triggered following FAK activation, mechanistically linking physical force to fibrosis. Further, small molecule inhibition of FAK effectively abrogates fibroproliferative mechanisms in human cells and significantly reduces scar formation in vivo. Collectively, these findings establish a molecular basis for HTS formation based on the mechanical activation of fibroblast-specific FAK and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeted mechanomodulatory strategies.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE26390 | GEO | 2011/01/14

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA136837

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Fibroblast-specific focal adhesion kinase links mechanical force to fibrosis via chemokine-mediated inflammatory pathways

Project description:Hypertrophic scar (HTS) formation is characterized by exuberant fibroproliferation for reasons that remain poorly understood1. One important but often overlooked component of wound repair is mechanical force, which regulates reciprocal cell-matrix interactions through focal adhesion components including focal adhesion kinase (FAK)1,2. Here we report that FAK is activated following cutaneous injury and that this activation is potentiated by mechanical loading. Transgenic mice lacking fibroblast-specific FAK exhibit significantly less fibrosis in a preclinical model of HTS formation. Inflammatory pathways involving monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a chemokine highly implicated in human skin fibrosis3, are triggered following FAK activation, mechanistically linking physical force to fibrosis. Further, small molecule inhibition of FAK effectively abrogates fibroproliferative mechanisms in human cells and significantly reduces scar formation in vivo. Collectively, these findings establish a molecular basis for HTS formation based on the mechanical activation of fibroblast-specific FAK and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeted mechanomodulatory strategies. Wildtype murine tissue was harvested at either day 6 or 14 post-injury following 48 hours or 10 days of mechanical loading, respectively (n=4 mice per group per time point). Murine RNA was isolated, labeled, and hybridized to the GeneChip microarray according to the manufacturer’s protocols (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Each gene in the microarray was represented by 20 oligonucleotide pairs, with each pair consisting of an oligonucleotide perfectly matched to the cDNA sequence, and a second oligonucleotide containing a single base mismatch. Raw microarray data (sample intensity files) were processed using GeneSpring GX 11.0 (Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA).

2011-01-14 | E-GEOD-26390 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Mus musculus

Project description:Fibroblast-specific focal adhesion kinase links mechanical force to fibrosis via chemokine-mediated inflammatory pathways

| PRJNA136837 | ENA

Expression data from FAK null mouse embryonic fibroblasts treated with endothelin-1

Project description:Endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays a critical role in connective tissue remodeling by fibroblasts during tissue repair and fibrosis. We investigated the molecular pathways in the transmission of ET-1 signals that lead to features of connective tissue remodeling, in particular the role of FAK (focal adhesion kinase). We used microarrays to investigated whether FAK is required for ET-1 to promote the global programme of gene expression underlying myofibroblast formation and identified distinct classes of up-regulated genes during this process. Genes whose induction by ET-1 required FAK Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 GeneChips were used to identify differential gene expression changes bewteen samples.

2012-06-30 | E-GEOD-30356 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data from FAK null mouse embryonic fibroblasts treated with endothelin-1

2012-07-01 | GSE30356 | GEO

FAK activity in cancer-associated fibroblasts is a prognostic marker and a druggable key metastatic player in pancreatic cancer

Project description:Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), although considered as the most abundant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) stromal cells playing a critical role in tumor progression and chemoresistance, are not yet directly druggable. Here we report that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity (evaluated based on 397 tyrosine phosphorylation level) in CAFs is highly increased compared to its activity in fibroblasts from healthy pancreas. Fibroblastic FAK activity is an independent prognostic marker for disease free and overall survival of PDAC patients (cohort of 120 PDAC samples). Genetic inactivation of FAK within fibroblasts (FAK-kinase-dead, KD) reduces fibrosis and immunosuppressive cell number within primary tumor and dramatically decreases tumor spread. Mechanistically, pharmacologic and genetic fibroblastic FAK inactivation reduces fibroblast migration/invasion, decreases extracellular matrix (ECM) expression and deposition by CAFs, and negatively impacts M2 macrophage polarization and migration. Thus, FAK activity within CAFs appears as an independent PDAC prognostic marker and a druggable driver of tumor cell invasion.

2020-08-19 | PXD018899 | Pride

siRNA profiling if human MCF-7 cell line to investigate the role of FAK, dominant-negative FAK, FAK-CD and FAKsiRNA in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell tumorigenesis

Project description:Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in proliferation, motility, adhesion, invasion, angiogenesis, and survival signaling. Focal adhesion kinase has been shown to be overexpressed in many types of tumors, including breast cancer at early stages of tumorigenesis. To study the biological role of FAK in breast tumorigenesis, we used FAKsiRNA to down-regulate FAK in MCF-7 cell lines. Experiment Overall Design: Eight samples were analyzed in MCF-7, MCF-7-Vector, MCF-7 control (luciferase) siRNA and FAKsiRNA#1, FAKsiRNA#2

2009-08-22 | E-GEOD-11581 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Role of FAK, dominant-negative FAK, FAK-CD and FAKsiRNA in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell tumorigenesis

2009-08-17 | GSE11581 | GEO

Mechanical force promotes dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1-mediated hydrolysis of the metabolite asymmetric dimethylarginine to enhance bone formation

Project description:<p>Mechanical force is critical for the development and remodeling of bone. Here we report that mechanical force regulates the production of the metabolite asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) via regulating the hydrolytic enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (Ddah1) expression in osteoblasts. The presence of -394 4N del/ins polymorphism of Ddah1 and higher serum ADMA concentration are negatively associated with bone mineral density. Global or osteoblast-specific deletion of Ddah1 leads to increased ADMA level but reduced bone formation. Further molecular study unveils that mechanical stimulation enhances TAZ/SMAD4-induced Ddah1 transcription. Deletion of Ddah1 in osteoblast-lineage cells fails to respond to mechanical stimulus-associated bone formation. Taken together, the study reveals mechanical force is capable of down-regulating ADMA to enhance bone formation.</p>

2021-11-23 | MTBLS3725 | MetaboLights

Expression data from young and old vascular smooth muscle cells

Project description:The allostatic adaption VSMCs to a mechanical perturbation relies on the interaction of the CSK contractile components to generate cellular force, as well as the engagement of the mechanosensitive signaling elements, i.e. the interplay among mechanosensitive ion channels, integrin-focal adhesion-actin axis, and calcium signal that convert the mechanical input into cellular contractile response We used miroarray to analyze the biophysical mechanisms underlying aging-associated decline in mechanosensation and VSMC functions

2023-11-01 | GSE243736 | GEO

Liver Epithelial Focal Adhesion Kinase Modulates Fibrogenesis and Hedgehog Signaling

Project description:Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an important mediator of extracellular matrix-integrin mechano-signal transduction that regulates cell motility, survival, and proliferation. As such, FAK is being investigated as a potential therapeutic target for malignant and fibrotic diseases, and numerous clinical trials of FAK inhibitors are underway. The function of FAK in non-malignant non-motile epithelial cells is not well understood. We previously showed that hepatocytes demonstrated activated FAK near stiff collagen tracts in fibrotic liver. In this study, we examined the role of liver epithelial FAK by inducing fibrotic liver disease in mice with liver epithelial FAK deficiency. We found that mice that lack FAK in liver epithelial cells develop more severe liver injury and worse fibrosis as compared to controls. Increased fibrosis in liver epithelial FAK-deficient mice is linked to the activation of several pro-fibrotic pathways, including the hedgehog-smoothened pathway. FAK-deficient hepatocytes produce increased Indian hedgehog in a matrix stiffness-dependent manner. Furthermore, there is increased expression of the hedgehog receptor, smoothened, in macrophages and biliary cells of hepatocyte-specific FAK-deficient fibrotic liver. These results indicate that liver epithelial FAK has important regulatory roles in the response to liver injury and progression of fibrosis.

2020-09-15 | GSE157156 | GEO

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