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Effects of blood criculating extracellular vesicles on social behaviors in mice: brain gene expression analysis

ABSTRACT: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane vesicles that circulate throughout the body. Accordingly, circulating EVs and their associated molecules, such as RNAs and proteins, are regarded as promising sources of molecular biomarkers for various disorders. Cell culture-derived EVs have also drawn substantial attention as possible delivery tools for therapeutic molecules. Nevertheless, the biological impact of circulating EVs on in vivo physiology and pathology remains elusive. Here we report that systemic exposure to blood circulating EVs from wild-type (WT) mice attenuates sociability deficits in Rag1-/- mice. Intravenously injected WT mouse blood EVs reach the brain and restore postsynaptic inhibitory signals in the Rag1-/- medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) pyramidal neurons. Mechanistically, WT EV-associated microRNAs, miR-23a-3p and miR-103-3p, reduce PKCε expression, increasing postsynaptic GABAA receptors in the mPFC pyramidal neurons. Our findings reveal a sociability-promoting effect of blood circulating EVs and associated miRNAs with therapeutic potential for sociability deficits.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE268327 | GEO | 2026/02/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Malignant germ-cell-tumours (GCTs) are characterised by microRNA (miRNA/miR-) dysregulation, with universal over-expression of miR-371~373 and miR-302/367 clusters regardless of patient age, tumour site, or subtype (seminoma/yolk-sac-tumour/embryonal carcinoma). These miRNAs are released into the bloodstream, presumed within extracellular-vesicles (EVs) and represent promising biomarkers. Here, we comprehensively examined the role of EVs, and their miRNA cargo, on (fibroblast/endothelial/macrophage) cells representative of the testicular GCT (TGCT) tumour microenvironment (TME). Small RNA next-generation-sequencing was performed on 34 samples, comprising representative malignant GCT cell lines/EVs and controls (testis fibroblast [Hs1.Tes] cell-line/EVs and testis/ovary samples). TME cells received TGCT co-culture, TGCT-derived EVs, and a miRNA overexpression system (miR-371a-OE) to assess functional relevance. TGCT cells secreted EVs into culture media. MiR-371~373 and miR-302/367 cluster miRNAs were overexpressed in all TGCT cells/subtypes compared with control cells and were highly abundant in TGCT-derived EVs, with miR-371a-3p/miR-371a-5p the most abundant. TGCT co-culture resulted in increased levels of miRNAs from the miR-371~373 and miR-302/367 clusters in TME (fibroblast) cells. Next, fluorescent labelling demonstrated TGCT-derived EVs were internalised by all TME (fibroblast/endothelial/macrophage) cells. TME (fibroblast/endothelial) cell treatment with EVs derived from different TGCT subtypes resulted in increased miR-371~373 and miR-302/367 miRNA levels, and other generic (eg, miR-205-5p/miR-148-3p) and subtype-specific (seminoma, eg, miR-203a-3p; yolk-sac-tumour, eg, miR-375-3p) miRNAs. MiR-371a-OE in TME cells resulted in increased collagen contraction (fibroblasts) and angiogenesis (endothelial cells), via direct mRNA downregulation and alteration of relevant pathways. TGCT cells communicate with nontumour stromal TME cells through release of EVs enriched in oncogenic miRNAs, potentially contributing to tumour progression.

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Effects of blood criculating extracellular vesicles on social behaviors in mice: brain gene expression analysis

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