Gene Regulation by the Human Glucocorticoid Receptor Dimerization Domain Mutant dim4
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE26857 | GEO | 2011/12/22
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA135981
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:A mutation in the dimerization domain of the mouse glucocorticoid receptor (GR), dim1, has recently been shown to bind DNA and regulate gene expression. To expand these studies we created a stable osteosarcoma (U-2 OS) cell line expressing four mutations in the dimerization domain of the human GR, dim4 (N454D, A458T, R460D, D462C), and used whole human genome microarray analysis to compare differences in gene regulation between vehicle treated (CON) and those treated with the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone (DEX) at 100nM concentration for 6 hours. Gene expression in U-2 OS hGRdim4 cells was measured after a 6 hour treatment with 100nM dexamethasone or vehicle (control) and the dexamethsone (dex) treated cells were compared to vehicle treated cells. The experiment was performed in triplicate.
2011-12-22 | E-GEOD-26857 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Glucocorticoids control expression of a large number of genes after binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Transcription may be regulated either by binding of the GR dimer to DNA regulatory elements or by protein-protein interactions of GR monomers with other transcription factors. Although the type of regulation for a number of individual target genes is known, the relative contribution of both mechanisms to the regulation of the entire transcriptional program remains elusive. To study the importance of GR dimerization in regulation of gene expression, we performed gene expression profiling in liver of prednisolone-treated wild type (WT) and genetically engineered mice that have lost the ability to form GR-dimers (GRdim). Mice carrying a wild type (WT) glucocorticoid receptor or a dimerization-defective glucocorticoid receptor (GRdim) were treated subcutaneous with vehicle or prednisolone (1mg/kg) and sacrificed 150 minutes later. From the livers of these mice total RNA was extracted, processed and hybridized on Affymetrix microarrays. In total 24 mice (6 vehicle-treated WT mice, 6 prednisolone-treated WT mice, 6 vehicle-treated GRdim mice and 6 prednisolone-treated GRdim mice) were included in the study.
2010-06-08 | E-GEOD-21048 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a crucial drug target in multiple myeloma as its activation with glucocorticoids effectively triggers myeloma cell death. However, as high-dose glucocorticoids are also associated with deleterious side effects, novel approaches are urgently needed to improve GR’s action in myeloma. Here we reveal a functional crosstalk between GR and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) that culminates in improved myeloma cell killing. We show that the GR agonist Dexamethasone (Dex) downregulates MR levels in a GR-dependent way in myeloma cells. Co-treatment of Dex with the MR antagonist Spironolactone (Spi) enhances Dex-induced cell killing in primary, newly diagnosed GC-sensitive myeloma cells, while in a relapsed GC-resistant setting, Spi alone induces distinct myeloma cell killing. On a mechanistic level, we find that a GR-MR crosstalk is arising from an endogenous interaction between GR and MR in myeloma cells. Quantitative dimerization assays show that Spi reduces Dex-induced GR-MR heterodimerization and completely abolishes Dex-induced MR MR homodimerization but leaves GR-GR homodimerization intact. Unbiased transcriptomics further reveals that c-myc and many of its target genes are downregulated most by Dex and Spi combined, while proteomics analyses identify that several metabolic hallmarks are modulated most by this combination treatment. Finally, we identified a subset of Dex+Spi downregulated genes and proteins that may predict prognosis in the CoMMpass patient cohort. Our study demonstrates that GR-MR crosstalk is therapeutically relevant in myeloma as it provides novel strategies towards glucocorticoid-based dose-reduction.
2023-10-24 | PXD043635 | Pride
Project description:The glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) is essential in development and inflammation. Healthy GRdim/dim mice with reduced dimerization propensity due to a point mutation (A465T) at the dimer interface of the GR DNA binding domain (DBD) (here GRD/D) have helped to define GR monomer and dimer functions of GR. Since GRD/D retains residual dimerization capacity, we generated the dimer-nullifying double mutant GRD+L/D+L mice, featuring an additional mutation (I634A) in the ligand binding domain (LBD) of GR. These mice are perinatally lethal, as are GRL/L mice, displaying improper lung and skin formation. We used embryonic fibroblasts, high and low doses of dexamethasone (Dex), nuclear translocation, RNAseq, dimerization assays and ligand binding assays (and Kd values), we suggest that the lethal phenotype is due to insufficient ligand binding. The data suggest cross talk between GR dimerization potential and ligand affinity. We conclude that a mutation as subtle as this I634A, at a position not directly involved in ligand interactions senso stricto, can thus still influence ligand binding and have a lethal outcome.
2021-12-03 | GSE189620 | GEO
Project description:The glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) is essential in development and inflammation. Healthy GRdim/dim mice with reduced dimerization propensity due to a point mutation (A465T) at the dimer interface of the GR DNA binding domain (DBD) (here GRD/D) have helped to define GR monomer and dimer functions of GR. Since GRD/D retains residual dimerization capacity, we generated the dimer-nullifying double mutant GRD+L/D+L mice, featuring an additional mutation (I634A) in the ligand binding domain (LBD) of GR. These mice are perinatally lethal, as are GRL/L mice, displaying improper lung and skin formation. We used embryonic fibroblasts, high and low doses of dexamethasone (Dex), nuclear translocation, RNAseq, dimerization assays and ligand binding assays (and Kd values), we suggest that the lethal phenotype is due to insufficient ligand binding. The data suggest cross talk between GR dimerization potential and ligand affinity. We conclude that a mutation as subtle as this I634A, at a position not directly involved in ligand interactions senso stricto, can thus still influence ligand binding and have a lethal outcome.
2021-11-29 | GSE189356 | GEO
Project description:LREX' are a LnCAP/AR subline with natural expresison of the glucocorticoid receptor. We used the model to compare the AR and GR cistromes in prostate tissue. We determined the GR cistrone in the presence of Dex (100nM) treatment and the AR cistrome in the presene of DHT (1nM) treatment.
2013-12-27 | E-GEOD-51497 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:HGU133+2.0 Microarray on TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231) treated for 4, 8, or 12h with vehicle, 100nM dexamethasone, 100nM Dex/100nM Mifepristone, or 100nM Dex/100nM CORT108297 Purpose: Although high glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in early-stage estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer (BC) is associated with shortened relapse-free survival (RFS), how associated GR transcriptional activity contributes to aggressive BC behavior is not well understood. Using potent GR antagonists and primary tumor gene expression data, we sought to identify a tumor-relevant gene signature based on GR activity that would be more predictive than GR expression alone. Design: Global gene expression and GR ChIP-sequencing were performed to identify GR-regulated genes inhibited by two chemically distinct GR antagonists, mifepristone and CORT108297. Differentially expressed genes from MDA-MB-231 cells were cross-evaluated with significantly expressed genes in GR-high versus GR-low ER-negative primary BCs. The resulting subset of GR targeted genes was analyzed in two independent ER-negative BC cohorts to derive and then validate the GR activity signature (GRsig). Results: Gene expression pathway analysis of glucocorticoid-regulated genes (inhibited by GR antagonism) revealed cell survival and invasion functions. GR ChIP-seq analysis demonstrated that GR antagonists decreased GR chromatin association for a subset of genes. A GRsig comprised of n=74 GR activation-associated genes (also reversed by GR antagonists) was derived from an adjuvant chemotherapy-treated Discovery cohort and found to predicted probability of relapse in a separate Validation cohort (HR=1.9; p= 0.012). Conclusions: The GRsig discovered herein identifies high-risk ER-negative/GR-positive BCs most likely to relapse despite administration of adjuvant chemotherapy. Because GR antagonism can reverse expression of these genes, we propose that addition of a GR antagonist to chemotherapy may improve outcome of these high-risk patients.
2018-04-25 | GSE113571 | GEO
Project description:The project is directed to the development of selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists for anticancer therapy. Glucocorticoids (GC) are widely used in treatment of many types of cancer due to its ability to induce apoptosis in malignant cells (in blood cancer therapy) and to prevent nausea and emesis (in the chemotherapy of solid tumors). However, severe dose-limiting side effects occur, including osteoporosis, muscle wasting, diabetes and other metabolic complications. Both beneficial and harmful effects of glucocorticoids are due to selective activation or repression of particular genes by glucocorticoid receptor (GR). GR regulates gene expression via transactivation that requires GR homodimer binding to gene promoters and transrepression mediated via negative interaction between GR and other transcription factors as well as binding with negative glucocorticoid response elements (nGRE) in genes. GR transactivation is linked to metabolic side effects, while GR transrepression underlies glucocorticoid therapeutic action. Novel selective GR agonist Compound A (CpdA) prevents GR dimerization and transactivation, specifically activates GR transrepression, and has fewer side effects compared to glucocorticoids. Here we compare the gene expression profiles in lymphoma cells treated with glucocorticoid Dexamethasone (Dex) or CpdA
2015-07-21 | GSE71102 | GEO
Project description:The project is directed to the development of selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists for anticancer therapy. Glucocorticoids (GC) are widely used in treatment of many types of cancer due to its ability to induce apoptosis in malignant cells (in blood cancer therapy) and to prevent nausea and emesis (in the chemotherapy of solid tumors). However, severe dose-limiting side effects occur, including osteoporosis, muscle wasting, diabetes and other metabolic complications. Both beneficial and harmful effects of glucocorticoids are due to selective activation or repression of particular genes by glucocorticoid receptor (GR). GR regulates gene expression via transactivation that requires GR homodimer binding to gene promoters and transrepression mediated via negative interaction between GR and other transcription factors as well as binding with negative glucocorticoid response elements (nGRE) in genes. GR transactivation is linked to metabolic side effects, while GR transrepression underlies glucocorticoid therapeutic action. Novel selective GR agonist Compound A (CpdA) prevents GR dimerization and transactivation, specifically activates GR transrepression, and has fewer side effects compared to glucocorticoids. Here we compare the gene expression profiles in prostate cancer cells treated with glucocorticoid Dexamethasone (Dex) or CpdA
2015-07-21 | GSE71099 | GEO
Project description:Long-term glucocorticoid treatment in multiple myeloma is hampered by deleterious side effects. Glucocorticoids bind to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is a crucial drug target because its activation triggers myeloma cell death. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a closely related nuclear receptor but its impact on glucocorticoid responsiveness in myeloma is unknown. Here we reveal a functional crosstalk between GR and MR that culminates in improved myeloma cell killing. We show that the GR agonist Dexamethasone (Dex) downregulates MR levels in a GR-dependent way in myeloma cells. Co-treatment of Dex with the MR antagonist Spironolactone enhances Dex-induced cell killing in (primary) myeloma cells. The crosstalk is further evidenced by an endogenous interaction between GR and MR in myeloma cells that is ligand-inducible and by a distinctive gene expression profile. Our study demonstrates that GR-MR crosstalk is therapeutically relevant in myeloma and presents a glucocorticoid-based dose-reduction strategy that could diminish glucocorticoid-related side effects in patients.
2023-08-23 | GSE200313 | GEO