Toss GERALT into chloroplast to make it green: an age-dependent regulator of chloroplast biogenesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana
PROVIDER: GSE271033 | GEO | 2025/09/18
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Toss GERALT into chloroplast to make it green: an age-dependent regulator of chloroplast biogenesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis.
| PRJNA1129454 | ENA
Project description:Light modulates expression of nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins to promote chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis in plants. Photoregulatory mechanisms regulating transcription and protein stability of nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins have been extensively studied, but how photoresponsive mRNA metabolism affecting chloroplast proteins remains not well understood. We performed a systematic analysis of the photoresponsive transcriptomes, m6A epitranscriptomes, translatomes, and proteomes in Arabidopsis, leading to a hypothesis that the blue light receptor cryptochromes activate the RNA methyltransferase, FIONA 1 (FIO1), to increase RNA methylation, translation of the nuclear-encoded chlorophyll synthesis enzymes (CSEs), and chlorophyll synthesis. We further demonstrate that the photoresponsive CRY2-interacting protein, SPA1, acts as a chaperone to mediate co-condensation of the CRY2/FIO1 complex, activating the FIO1 methyltransferase activity. This finding demonstrates a previously unknown photoregulatory mechanism controlling chlorophyll biosynthesis in plants.
2024-01-26 | PXD040660 | Pride
Project description:A pluripotent inducible cell line was generated from Arabidopsis to address the limitations of traditional in planta dicot systems and to develop a well-controlled experimental setup where the individual regulatory check points of chloroplast development could be defined. Following light exposure, this cell line was shown to differentiate into photosynthetically active cells with functional chloroplasts providing an experimental system with a temporal gradient of chloroplast development. Using this unique cell line from the dicot Arabidopsis we could demonstrate that the development from a proplastid to a functional chloroplast, and thereby the establishment of photosynthesis, is dependent on a regulatory mechanism involving two distinct phases. First, light exposure triggers an initial change in gene expression, metabolite profile, chlorophyll accumulation and plastid structure. Secondly, a second signal, most likely triggered by activation of the chloroplast, is required for full transition to a functional chloroplast and the shift from heterotrophic to photoautotrophic metabolism.
2018-05-12 | E-MTAB-5777 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Purpose: Many studies have demonstrated that ZFPs have important functions in many biological processes, including plant growth and development, stress response, and phytohormone response. RanBP2-type zinc finger transcription factors have been characterized in animals and humans. However, their functions remain largely unknown in plants. Therefore, the functions of RanBP ZFPs in plants need further study to shed new insights into the importance of these transcription factors in developmental processes. Methods: The transcriptomes of between overexpression of SlRBZ transgenic and wild-type tomato by RNA-seq analysis were evaluated using the Illumina HiSeq⢠2000 sequencing platform. Raw sequences were filtered and the resulting sets of clean reads were used for the following analysis by Tophat and DEGseq software. qRTâPCR validation was performed using SYBR Green assays. Results: In this study, we identified a RanBP2-type zinc finger protein gene (SlRBZ) in tomato. SlRBZ was constitutively expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. Overexpression of SlRBZ resulted in etiolated and dwarf phenotypes in tomato. Determination of physiological index showed that chlorophyll, carotenoid, and GAs contents were evidently decreased in transgenic plants. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq analyses demonstrated that the transcription of the genes involved in these biosynthesis pathways obviously decreased in SlRBZ-OE plants. In addition, ultrastructural observation by transmission electron microscopy indicated that plastids could not develop into mature chloroplasts with normal chloroplast membrane and thylakoid membrane system in SlRBZ-OE plants. Conclusions: The results suggest that overexpression of SlRBZ may impair the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoid, and gibberellin through blocking chloroplast development, resulting in etiolation and dwarfism in tomato. The transcriptomes of between overexpression of SlRBZ transgenic and wild-type tomato by RNA-seq analysis were evaluated, in duplicate, using the Illumina sequencing platform.
2016-01-29 | E-GEOD-77340 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Purpose: Many studies have demonstrated that ZFPs have important functions in many biological processes, including plant growth and development, stress response, and phytohormone response. RanBP2-type zinc finger transcription factors have been characterized in animals and humans. However, their functions remain largely unknown in plants. Therefore, the functions of RanBP ZFPs in plants need further study to shed new insights into the importance of these transcription factors in developmental processes. Methods: The transcriptomes of between overexpression of SlRBZ transgenic and wild-type tomato by RNA-seq analysis were evaluated using the Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 sequencing platform. Raw sequences were filtered and the resulting sets of clean reads were used for the following analysis by Tophat and DEGseq software. qRT–PCR validation was performed using SYBR Green assays. Results: In this study, we identified a RanBP2-type zinc finger protein gene (SlRBZ) in tomato. SlRBZ was constitutively expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. Overexpression of SlRBZ resulted in etiolated and dwarf phenotypes in tomato. Determination of physiological index showed that chlorophyll, carotenoid, and GAs contents were evidently decreased in transgenic plants. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq analyses demonstrated that the transcription of the genes involved in these biosynthesis pathways obviously decreased in SlRBZ-OE plants. In addition, ultrastructural observation by transmission electron microscopy indicated that plastids could not develop into mature chloroplasts with normal chloroplast membrane and thylakoid membrane system in SlRBZ-OE plants. Conclusions: The results suggest that overexpression of SlRBZ may impair the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoid, and gibberellin through blocking chloroplast development, resulting in etiolation and dwarfism in tomato.
2016-01-29 | GSE77340 | GEO
Project description:The regulator for chloroplast biogenesis (rcb) mutant was identified as a mutant defective in phytochrome-mediated chloroplast biogenesis. The rcb mutant has long hypocotyl and albino phenotypes. RCB initiates chloroplast biogenesis in the nucleus by promoting the degradation of the master repressors for chloroplast biogenesis, the PIFs (Phytochrome Interacting Factors). To understand how RCB regulates the expression of PIF-regulated genes, we performed genome-wide expression analysis of RCB-dependent genes using a rcb-10 null allele.
2019-06-20 | GSE122351 | GEO
Project description:In bacteria, the biosynthesis of cysteine is accomplished by two enzymes that are encoged by the cysK and cysM genes. CysM is also able to incorporate thiosulfate to produce S-sulfocysteine. In plant cells, the biosynthesis of cysteine occurs in the cytosol, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain two O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase homologs, which are encoded by the OAS-B and CS26 genes. An in vitro enzymatic analysis of the recombinant CS26 protein demonstrated that this isoform possesses S-sulfocysteine synthase activity and lacks O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase activity. In vivo functional analysis of this enzyme in knockout mutants demonstrated that mutation of cs26 suppressed the S-sulfocysteine synthase activity that was detected in wild type; furthermore, the mutants exhibited a growth phenotype, but penetrance depended on the light regime. The cs26 mutant plants also had reductions in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity (neither of which were observed in oas-b mutants), as well as elevated glutathione levels. However, cs26 leaves were not able to properly detoxify ROS, which accumulated to high levels under long-day growth conditions. The transcriptional profile of the cs26 mutant revealed that the mutation had a pleiotropic effect on many cellular and metabolic processes. Our finding reveals that S-sulfocysteine and the activity of S-sulfocysteine synthase play an important role in chloroplast function and are essential for light-dependent redox regulation within the chloroplast.
2010-03-31 | GSE19241 | GEO
Project description:Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that plays an essential role under nutrient starvation condition and influences different developmental processes. We observed that seedlings of autophagy mutants (atg2, atg5, atg7, and atg9) germinated in the dark showed delayed chloroplast development following illumination. The delayed chloroplast development was characterized by a decrease in photosynthetic and chlorophyll biosynthetic proteins, lower chlorophyll content, reduced chloroplast size, and increased levels of proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis. Confirming the biological impact of these differences, photosynthetic performance was impaired in autophagy mutants 12h post illumination. We observed that while gene expression for photosynthetic machinery during de-etiolation was largely unaffected in atg mutants, several genes involved in photosystem assembly were transcriptionally downregulated. We also investigated if the delayed chloroplast development could be explained by lower lipid import to the chloroplast or lower triglyceride (TAG) turnover. We observed that the limitations in the chloroplast lipid import imposed by trigalactosyldiacylglycerol1 are unlikely to explain the delay in chloroplast development. However, we found that lower TAG mobility in the triacylglycerol lipase mutant sugardependent1 significantly affected de-etiolation. Moreover, we showed that lower levels of carbon resources exacerbated the slow-greening phenotype whereas higher levels of carbon resources had an opposite effect. This work suggests a lack of autophagy machinery limits chloroplast development during de-etiolation, and this is exacerbated by limited lipid turnover (lipophagy) that physically or energetically restrains chloroplast development.
2021-08-04 | GSE156677 | GEO
Project description:Amino acids (AA) are essential molecules for life because they are precursors for the synthesis of proteins and other organic compounds. Their metabolism in plants involves more than one cellular compartment, among which the chloroplast plays a key role. From the 20 essential AA, ten (Arg, Lys, Thr, Leu, Ile, Val, Trp, Phe, Tyr and His) are only synthesized in the plastids and seven (Asp, Cys, Gln, Glu, Gly, Ser and Met) can be synthesized in both chloroplast and other parts of the cell. Despite knowing the roles of AA in plant physiology, little has been assessed in plants with albino phenotypes, lacking chloroplasts. To assess the effect of chloroplast biogenesis disturbances on AA metabolism in albino and variegated somaclonal variations of Agave angustifolia Haw., a comparative proteomic based TMT- synchronous precursor selection (SPS)-MS3 strategy was used to determine the status of AA biosynthetic pathways. Besides the 20 essential AA was quantified to underpin proteomics finding. A total of 2,442 different proteins were identified in the proteome of the somaclonal variants, from which 82 correspond to enzymes participating in AA biosynthesis. From these 82, 32 proteins were differentially accumulated. On the other hand, the concentration of 16 and 12 of the AA synthesized by the chloroplast were over-accumulated in the variegated and albino somaclonal variant, respectively. In plantlets devoid of functional chloroplasts, there is a surprising increase of AA and key enzymes of the AA biosyntethic pathways, compared to green plantlets. This could suggest que la activation of AA biosynthesis is key to sustaining albino and variegated plantlets survival that lack chloroplasts.
2024-01-29 | PXD039512 | Pride
Project description:Light regulates chlorophyll homeostasis and photosynthesis via various molecular mechanisms in plants. The light regulation of transcription and protein stability of nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins have been extensively studied, but how light regulation of mRNA metabolism affects abundance of nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins and chlorophyll homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here we show that the blue light receptor cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) and the METTL16-type m6A writer FIONA1 (FIO1) regulate chlorophyll homeostasis in response to blue light. In contrast to the CRY2-mediated photo-condensation of the mRNA adenosine methylase (MTA), photoexcited CRY2 co-condenses FIO1 only in the presence of the CRY2-signalling protein SUPPRESSOR of PHYTOCHROME A (SPA1). CRY2 and SPA1 synergistically or additively activate the RNA methyltransferase activity of FIO1 in vitro, whereas CRY2 and FIO1, but not MTA, are required for the light-induced methylation and translation of the mRNAs encoding multiple chlorophyll homeostasis regulators in vivo. Our study demonstrates that the light-induced liquid-liquid phase separation of the photoreceptor/writer complexes is commonly involved in the regulation of photoresponsive changes of mRNA methylation, whereas the different photo-condensation mechanisms of the CRY/FIO1 and CRY/MTA complexes explain, at least partially, the writer-specific functions in plant photomorphogenesis.
2023-11-30 | GSE227150 | GEO