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SUMO E3 Ligase SIZ1-mediated SUMOylation of LBD29 positively regulates lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana

ABSTRACT: Roots are very important at different stages of plant growth, and the formation of lateral roots is essential for strengthening the roots and absorbing nutrients from the soil. Therefore, it is of great significance to uncover the molecular mechanism of lateral root development in plants for understanding plant life process and improving plant adaptation to environment. As an important post-translational modification of small protein types, small ubiquitin-like modifier is involved in many biological processes such as transcriptional regulation, cell cycle regulation, and immune response. SUMO E3 ligase plays a key role in the SUMO process and plays an important role in plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, SIZ1 encodes a SUMO E3 ligase, which plays an important role in plant life, especially in stress response. We analyzed the expression sites of SIZ1 and found that it was obviously expressed in lateral roots, especially in the nucleus of lateral roots. Previous studies on SIZ1 mainly focused on biological stress and abiotic stress, but the molecular mechanism of SIZ1 regulating lateral roots has not been studied. We propose a mechanism by which hemicylation of LBD29 mediated by SIZ1 regulates the occurrence of lateral roots in Arabidopsis Thaliana, which provides a new idea and direction for subsequent research on lateral root development.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE271343 | GEO | 2026/07/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Short periods of heat (>37°C) are extremely damaging to non-acclimated plants and their capacity to acclimate to and recover from heat stress is a key parameter for their survival and longevity. To acclimate, the Heat Shock transcription Factor A1 (HSFA1) subfamily activates a transcriptional response that resolves the heat stress-induced protein damage. Importantly, HSFA1 activity is also critical for Arabidopsis to withstand sustained warmer periods of 28°C, a non-detrimental condition that triggers a thermomorphogenesis response. We find that SUMO, a protein modification whose adduct levels increase as a result of acute heat stress in eukaryotes, is also critical for plant longevity during warmer periods, in particular for shoot meristem development. The known E3 and E4 SUMO ligases (SIZ1, HPY1/MMS21, PIAL1/2) were not essential to endure these warmer periods, alone or in combination. Thermo-lethality was also not seen when plants lacked certain SUMO proteases (ESD4, OTS1/OTS2, SPF1/SPF2 combined) or when SUMO chain formation was blocked. Furthermore, SUMO thermo-resilience is not connected to the autoimmune phenotype found in the corresponding SUMO knockdown and a SIZ1 loss-of-function mutant. As acquired thermotolerance was normal in the SUMO knockdown mutant, we thus conclude that the role of SUMO in heat acclimation differs from that of HSFA1 and SIZ1. Combined, this study reveals that SUMO appears to be critical for shoot meristem integrity during warmer periods. This experiment we have examined how gene expression is affected in two SUMO mutants (siz1-2; sumo1 amiR-SUMO1 [aka. sumo1/2KD] ), and a HsfA1a,b,d triple mutant, when the plants are placed at 28C constant ambient temperature, which is a condition normally used to induce thermomorphogenesis. We used as control the pad1-4 background, as the siz1-2 and sumo1/2KD mutants normally suffer from constitutive defence signalling due hyperaccumulation of SA, which is suppressed by introgression of pad4 in these backgrounds.

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SUMO E3 Ligase SIZ1-mediated SUMOylation of LBD29 positively regulates lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana

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