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Mapping the Immune Modulation Landscape Induced by Sanguisobae Radix at Single-Cell Resolution

ABSTRACT: Sanguisorbae radix (SR), a traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used in China to enhance human immunity. Yet, its effects and underlying mechanisms on various types of immune cells remain to be fully explored. Here, we conduct single-cell transcriptomic analysis across human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and after taking SR. Our findings reveal that there were fluctuations in immune cell proportions in the bloodstream, including increased Mega/Platelets, Dendritic cells (DCs), CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and Naïve CD4+ T cells, and decreased Mast cells, B cells, and Monocytes after taking SR. Among them, SR increased CD8+ T cells by stimulating the proliferation. Our results suggest that SR enhance viability of these types of immune cells by up-regulating genes related to ribosome protein and mitochondrial energetic metabolism. Notably, SR treatment significantly enhance the activity of Cytotoxic Effector T cells, a subtype of CD8+ T cells, by increasing the cytotoxicity score and the expression of toxic particle-related genes (such as LYZ and GZMK). Furthermore, our findings demonstrate significant inhibition of inflammation-associated genes and pathways by SR across various immune cell subsets, including T cells, Monocytes, and Mega/Platelets. Overall, our study highlights the transcriptional heterogeneity induced by SR treatment and its distinct modulation of various circulating immune cells, providing potential for the development of immunomodulatory therapeutics.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE271348 | GEO | 2026/07/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The clinical presentations and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe conditions, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed the single-cell RNA sequencing to examine the profiles of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the healthy controls (HC), asymptomatic individuals (AS) and symptomatic COVID-19 patients (SM) with various clinical features and disease severity. We first identified nine major cell types, including T cells, B cells, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DC), platelets, neutrophils, plasma cells and stem cells from a total of 119,799 single cells captured and filtered for the final analysis, and then divided these cell types into separate cell clusters and sub-clusters, respectively. We revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in profound alternations in various cellular compartments and identified a number of distinct immune cell subsets that were associated with various clinical presentations, disease severity and viral persistence of COVID-19. (NCAM1+CD160+) NK cells increased significantly in AS and SM individuals compared with the HC. SM patients showed a significant increase in (LAG3+CD160+CD8+) NKT cells and a decrease in (CD4-CD8-) double negative T cells compared with the AS subjects. (CD68-CSF1R-IL1BhiCD14+) classical monocytes were significantly higher in patients with severe disease (SD) than the patients with moderate disease (MD). (CD68-CSF1R-IL1BhiCD14+) classical monocytes and (CLEC10A-S100A9lo)pDC were positively and negatively correlated with the age-related disease severity of COVID-19 patients, respectively. Increases in (CD33-HLA-DMA-CD14+) classical monocytes and (CLEC10A-S100A9lo)pDC were associated with long-term nucleic acid test positive (LTNP) patients compared with the short-term nucleic acid test positive (STNP) individuals. Increases in (LAG3+CD160+CD8+) NKTcells and (FOXP3+IL2RA+IL7R+CD4+) Treg cells were observed in a patient lacking B cells and plasma cells. Dramatic increases in neutrophils, (CD33-HLA-DMA-CD14+) classical monocytes, and (CD68-CSF1R-IL1BhiCD14+) classical monocytes were detected at a later stage of a fatal patient. Our findings may enhance our understanding of the immune cell alternations involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Mapping the Immune Modulation Landscape Induced by Sanguisobae Radix at Single-Cell Resolution

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