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UCPVax, a CD4 helper peptide vaccine induces polyfunctional Th1 cells, antibody response and epitope spreading to improve antitumor immunity [TCR-seq]

ABSTRACT: The induction of an antitumor CD4+ T helper response is essential for the efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines. However, few vaccines are specifically designed to target CD4+ T cells in human cancers. Here, we characterize the immune mechanisms of UCPVax, a helper peptide vaccine derived from telomerase. Ex vivo immune profiling of peripheral blood from 60 patients with advanced lung cancer reveals that UCPVax selectively activates CD4+ T cells in vivo across a broad HLA-DR restriction. The vaccine elicits a synergistic immune triad including cytokine-polyfunctional CD4+ Th1 cells, epitope spreading, and antibody response, contributing to effective tumor control. Single-cell analysis further demonstrates that UCPVax drives CD4+ T cells toward effector-memory and cytolytic differentiation. Thus, the vaccine-induced CD4+T cells trigger a broad and durable antitumor immunity. These findings highlight UCPVax as an off-the-shelf helper platform to enhance therapeutic cancer vaccine efficacy.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE271545 | GEO | 2025/05/13

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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UCPVax, a CD4 helper peptide vaccine induces polyfunctional Th1 cells, antibody response and epitope spreading to improve antitumor immunity [scRNA-seq]

Project description:The induction of an antitumor CD4+ T helper response is essential for the efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines. However, few vaccines are specifically designed to target CD4+ T cells in human cancers. Here, we characterize the immune mechanisms of UCPVax, a helper peptide vaccine derived from telomerase. Ex vivo immune profiling of peripheral blood from 60 patients with advanced lung cancer reveals that UCPVax selectively activates CD4+ T cells in vivo across a broad HLA-DR restriction. The vaccine elicits a synergistic immune triad including cytokine-polyfunctional CD4+ Th1 cells, epitope spreading, and antibody response, contributing to effective tumor control. Single-cell analysis further demonstrates that UCPVax drives CD4+ T cells toward effector-memory and cytolytic differentiation. Thus, the vaccine-induced CD4+T cells trigger a broad and durable antitumor immunity. These findings highlight UCPVax as an off-the-shelf helper platform to enhance therapeutic cancer vaccine efficacy.

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