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Reduced somatosensory innervation alters the skeletal transcriptome at a single cell level in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes

ABSTRACT: Small peripheral neuropathies (SPN) are a common complication in diabetes, affecting around 50% of the diabetic population. Co-occurrence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and diabetic bone disease has led to the hypothesis that DPN influences bone metabolism, although little experimental evidence has yet supported this premise. To investigate, high fat diet (HFD) feeding in mice was performed followed by phenotyping of skeletal-innervating neurons and bone architectural parameters. Results showed that HFD feeding conditions resulted in a marked decrease in skeletal innervation (69-76% reduction in Beta-III-Tubulin-stained nerves, 50-66% reduction in CGRP-stained nerves in long bone periosteum). These changes in skeletal innervation were associated with alterations in bone mass and in cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture. Single cell RNA-sequencing of sensory neurons and bone tissue was next utilized to reconstruct potential nerve-to-bone signaling interactions, including implication of sensory nerve derived neurotrophins (Bdnf), neuropeptides (Gal, Calca and Calcb) and other morphogens (Vegfa, Pdgfa, and Angpt2). Moreover, scRNA-Seq identified marked shifts in periosteal cell transcriptional changes within HFD fed conditions, including a reduction in proliferation, osteogenic differentiation potency and reductions in WNT, TGFb and MAPK signaling activity. When isolated, periosteal cells from HFD fed mice showed deficits in proliferative and osteogenic differentiation potential. Indeed, these cellular changes in proliferation and differentiation capacity were restored by treatment of HFD exposed periosteal cells to sensory neuron conditioned medium. In sum, HFD modeling of Type 2 diabetes results in a skeletal polyneuropathy. Moreover, the combination of multi-tissue scRNA-Seq and isolated in vitro studies strengthen the case for altered nerve-to-bone signaling in diabetic bone disease.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE272612 | GEO | 2025/07/09

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:This study aimed to quantify the regulation of transcripts in the hairy skin of the back of adult rats in the condition of loss of sensory and autonomic (sympathetic) innervation (i.e., denervated). Denervated skin has reduced wound healing capacity, reduced proliferation of epidermal progenitor cells, and also expresses factors that regulate ingrowth of sensory and sympathetic axons from neighboring regions of innervated skin. It was expected that this quantification f transcript regulation would offer insight into the general and specific mechanisms that may contribute to these important biological processes. All animals were adult (200-250g) Sprague-Dawley female rats. Three conditions were examined. Groups were naive (n=6), 7-day denervated skin (n=5), and 14-day (n=5) denervated skin. Denervation preparations: Full-thickness incision along long-axis of the body 1cm to right of midline (to avoid injuring skin to be sampled). Incision was centered rostro-caudally on the T13 (thoracic 13) costo-vertebral angle so as to allow access to the T9-L2 (lumbar 2) cutaneous nerves. Skin was reflected to the left and the left T9, T10, L1, and L2 dorsal and lateral cutaneous nerves were isolated, ligated with 7-0 monofilament suture close to their exit from the body wall, and transected. Approximately 5mm of the distal portion of the nerve was resected. The T11 nerves were left unperturbed and were not isolated from the surrounding fascia. This generated two strips of skin that were devoid of sensory and autonomic innervation (those strips served by the T9 and T10 nerves, and by the L1 and L2 nerves). Between these denervated strips of skin was a strip of skin that retained the sensory and autonomic axons supplied by T11 nerves. The denervated zones were identified by mapping the cutaneous trunk muscle (CTM) reflex (see Petruska-JC et al. (2013) Journal of Comparative Neurology; Diamond-J et al., (1992) J Neuroscience), and the border marked with pen and remarked every few days. The samples were taken from the rostral (T9/10) denervated zone. Samples from naive animals (no denervation) were taken from the same region, using the dorsal cutaneous nerves as registration landmarks. Animals displayed no signs of overgrooming of the denervated skin. Because the CTM inserts onto the dermis of this region of skin, samples necessarily include both skin and underlying CTM (which is innervated from another source so was not denervated in the experiment).

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Reduced somatosensory innervation alters the skeletal transcriptome at a single cell level in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes

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