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Modular small RNA drives the emergence of virulence traits and environmental trade-offs in Vibrio cholerae [Biofilm, AKI]

ABSTRACT: The sole gain of laterally acquired virulence genes does not fully explain the transition of environmental strains into human pathogens. To date, the specific molecular drivers and fitness trade-offs that enable some strains within a population to undergo this process remain enigmatic. Here, we describe a small RNA (sRNA) with a unique modular structure that shapes the evolution of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, the agent of cholera. The sRNA comprises of a highly variable 5’ module located within the ompU ORF and a conserved 3’ one downstream from the gene. The bimodular nature of the OmpU-encoded sRNA (OueS) generates allelic variants that differentially contribute to the emergence of virulence potential in some strains and associated fitness trade-offs between human infection and environmental survival. Unlike environmental counterparts, the OueS allele from toxigenic strains controls phenotypes essential during host colonization: a) stringently inhibits biofilm formation by suppressing the iron-responsive sRNA RyhB, and b) confers resistance against intestinal bacteriophages by activating the CBASS phage defense system. Toxigenic OueS is also required for successful intestinal colonization and acts as a functional surrogate of the master virulence regulator ToxR, controlling over 84% of its regulome. On the other hand, strains encoding environmental alleles of OueS exhibit higher competitive fitness than those harboring toxigenic ones during colonization of natural reservoirs such as crustaceans (Artemia salina) and phytoplankton (Microcystis aeruginosa). These results uncover the fitness trade-offs between human infection and environmental survival and costs associated with pathogen emergence.

ORGANISM(S): Vibrio cholerae O1 str. C6706

PROVIDER: GSE272767 | GEO | 2026/04/03

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Peyraud2016 - Metabolic reconstruction (iRP1476) of Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 This model is described in the article: A Resource Allocation Trade-Off between Virulence and Proliferation Drives Metabolic Versatility in the Plant Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Peyraud R, Cottret L, Marmiesse L, Gouzy J, Genin S. PLoS Pathog. 2016 Oct; 12(10): e1005939 Abstract: Bacterial pathogenicity relies on a proficient metabolism and there is increasing evidence that metabolic adaptation to exploit host resources is a key property of infectious organisms. In many cases, colonization by the pathogen also implies an intensive multiplication and the necessity to produce a large array of virulence factors, which may represent a significant cost for the pathogen. We describe here the existence of a resource allocation trade-off mechanism in the plant pathogen R. solanacearum. We generated a genome-scale reconstruction of the metabolic network of R. solanacearum, together with a macromolecule network module accounting for the production and secretion of hundreds of virulence determinants. By using a combination of constraint-based modeling and metabolic flux analyses, we quantified the metabolic cost for production of exopolysaccharides, which are critical for disease symptom production, and other virulence factors. We demonstrated that this trade-off between virulence factor production and bacterial proliferation is controlled by the quorum-sensing-dependent regulatory protein PhcA. A phcA mutant is avirulent but has a better growth rate than the wild-type strain. Moreover, a phcA mutant has an expanded metabolic versatility, being able to metabolize 17 substrates more than the wild-type. Model predictions indicate that metabolic pathways are optimally oriented towards proliferation in a phcA mutant and we show that this enhanced metabolic versatility in phcA mutants is to a large extent a consequence of not paying the cost for virulence. This analysis allowed identifying candidate metabolic substrates having a substantial impact on bacterial growth during infection. Interestingly, the substrates supporting well both production of virulence factors and growth are those found in higher amount within the plant host. These findings also provide an explanatory basis to the well-known emergence of avirulent variants in R. solanacearum populations in planta or in stressful environments. This model is hosted on BioModels Database and identified by: MODEL1612020000. To cite BioModels Database, please use: BioModels Database: An enhanced, curated and annotated resource for published quantitative kinetic models. To the extent possible under law, all copyright and related or neighbouring rights to this encoded model have been dedicated to the public domain worldwide. Please refer to CC0 Public Domain Dedication for more information.

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Modular small RNA drives the emergence of virulence traits and environmental trade-offs in Vibrio cholerae [Biofilm, AKI]

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