TSLP acts on Tregs to limit allergic inflammation and to maintain Treg identity
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE274025 | GEO | 2025/08/05
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a type I cytokine that promotes allergic responses and mediates type 2 immunity. A balance between effector T cells (Teff), which drive the immune response, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), which suppress the response, is required for proper immune homeostasis. Here, we report that TSLP differentially acts on Teff versus Tregs to balance type 2 immunity. As expected, deletion of TSLPR on all T cells (Cd4CreCrlf2fl/fl mice) resulted in lower numbers of Th2 cells and diminished ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation, but selective deletion of TSLPR on Tregs (Foxp3YFP-Cre/YCrlf2fl/fl mice) resulted in increased IL-5- and IL-13-secreting Th2 cells and lung eosinophilia. Moreover, TSLP augmented the expression of factors that stabilize Tregs. During type 2 immune responses, TSLPR-deficient Tregs acquired Th2-like properties, with augmented GATA3 expression and secretion of IL-13. TSLP is not only a driver of Th2 effector cells but also acts in a negative feedback loop, thus promoting the ability of Tregs to limit allergic inflammation.
2024-12-25 | GSE283565 | GEO
Project description:Recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to tumors is a hallmark of cancer progression. However, the role of epithelial cell-derived cytokines in regulation of Treg cells in colorectal cancers is not fully understood. We found a subset of Tregs co-expressing the receptors for thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-33 (TSLPR+ST2+ Tregs) was increased in colorectal tumors in humans and mice. This Treg subset expressed high levels of CTLA-4 and PD-1, and TSLPR signaling regulated the expression of CTLA-4 and number of TSLPR+ST2+ Tregs. Treg-specfic deletion of TSLPR resulted in a reduction in tumor number and size, with concomitant increase of Th1 cells in tumors. Similarly, blockade of TSLP effectively inhibited progression of colorectal tumors. On the other hand, TSLPR-ST2+ Tregs highly express Tgfb1 and Pdcd,1 which have been shown to suppress CD8+ T cell immune responses. Collectively, TSLP and IL-33 differentially regulate subsets of Tregs in the progression of colorectal tumor. These data suggest that TSLPR+ST2+ Treg cells are potentially a biomarker, and a therapeutic target for CRC.
2021-12-22 | GSE173124 | GEO
Project description:TSLP pathway blockade is a potential strategy for asthma treatment, as TSLP modulates cytokine production by mast cells and regulates the activation of dendritic cells (DCs), which prime the differentiation of naM-CM-/ve T cells into inflammatory Th2 cells. To assess the effect of TSLPR blockade on the development of allergic inflammation and bronchoconstriction in Cynomolgus monkeys after Ascaris suum allergen challenge. Antibodies against human TSLPR were generated and confirmed to be cross-reactive to cynomolgus. Animals were dosed weekly with either vehicle (n=8) or TSLPR HuMAb (n=8) for 6 weeks and their responses to A.Suum challenge at baseline, week 2 and week 6 were assessed. Antibody-treated animals showed reduced bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophil counts (p=0.04), reduced lung resistance (RL) area under the curve (p=0.04), and reduced IL-13 cytokine levels in BAL fluid (p=0.03) in response to challenge at 6 weeks compared to vehicle-treated animals. To understand the molecular changes underlying these differences, BAL fluid samples pre- and post-challenge were profiled using microarrays. Genes up-regulated by allergen challenge overlapped strongly with 11 genes up-regulated in DCs when stimulated by TSLP (TSLP-DC signature). The number of genes differentially expressed in response to challenge was reduced in aTSLPR-treated animals after 6 weeks relative to vehicle-treated animals. Expression of the TSLP-DC gene signature was also significantly reduced in aTSLPR-treated animals (p = 0.05). These results demonstrate promising efficacy for TSLPR blockade in an allergen challenge model where TSLP activation of DCs may play a key role. Animals were dosed weekly with either vehicle (n=8) or TSLPR HuMAb (n=8) for 6 weeks and their responses to A.Suum challenge at baseline, week 2 and week 6 were assessed. One monkey in the aTSLPR-treated group expired during the study for reasons not linked to drug safety and tolerability. BAL fluid samples for all animals were subject to gene expression profiling for pre-challenge, 8h and 24h post-challenge timepoints, at baseline, week 2 and week 6. This amounted to a total of 135 microarrays. Data from 8 animals were excluded as outliers, determined by PCA.
2013-10-22 | E-GEOD-41329 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Pathogenesis of allergic diseases including asthma is strongly associated with robust responses of allergen-specific Th2 cells, which produce high levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. Despite evidence for pathogenic Th2 cells in the induction and propagation of allergic disorders, signals required for differentiation of such cells remain largely unknown. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine that is expressed upon epithelial injury, dysfunction or infection and is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. Although indirect regulation of Th2 differentiation via TSLP-stimulated dendritic cells well known, direct effects of TSLP on Th2 differentiation in vivo have not been rigorously analyzed. We show that TSLP may initiate Th2 response independent on IL-4 signal and increases sensitivity of CD4 cells to IL-4 stimulation inducing more robust expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 by human and mouse CD4 cells. This more potent effector state appears to be stably programmed in memory Th2 cells. As part of molecular mechanism, we demonstrate that TSLP and IL-4 signals induce distinctive genome wide alterations in activating histone modification (H3K27Ac, H3K36Me3, and H3K4Me3). We propose that TSLP acts in coordination with IL-4 to generate a more potent Th2 state that could underlie persistence and propagation of allergic disorders.
2017-04-01 | GSE81384 | GEO
Project description:TSLP pathway blockade is a potential strategy for asthma treatment, as TSLP modulates cytokine production by mast cells and regulates the activation of dendritic cells (DCs), which prime the differentiation of naïve T cells into inflammatory Th2 cells. To assess the effect of TSLPR blockade on the development of allergic inflammation and bronchoconstriction in Cynomolgus monkeys after Ascaris suum allergen challenge. Antibodies against human TSLPR were generated and confirmed to be cross-reactive to cynomolgus. Animals were dosed weekly with either vehicle (n=8) or TSLPR HuMAb (n=8) for 6 weeks and their responses to A.Suum challenge at baseline, week 2 and week 6 were assessed. Antibody-treated animals showed reduced bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophil counts (p=0.04), reduced lung resistance (RL) area under the curve (p=0.04), and reduced IL-13 cytokine levels in BAL fluid (p=0.03) in response to challenge at 6 weeks compared to vehicle-treated animals. To understand the molecular changes underlying these differences, BAL fluid samples pre- and post-challenge were profiled using microarrays. Genes up-regulated by allergen challenge overlapped strongly with 11 genes up-regulated in DCs when stimulated by TSLP (TSLP-DC signature). The number of genes differentially expressed in response to challenge was reduced in aTSLPR-treated animals after 6 weeks relative to vehicle-treated animals. Expression of the TSLP-DC gene signature was also significantly reduced in aTSLPR-treated animals (p = 0.05). These results demonstrate promising efficacy for TSLPR blockade in an allergen challenge model where TSLP activation of DCs may play a key role.
2013-10-22 | GSE41329 | GEO
Project description:Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a type I cytokine that plays a central role in induction of allergic inflammatory responses. Its principal targets have been reported to be dendritic cells and / or CD4 T cells; epithelial cells are a principal source. We report here the development of a reporter mouse (TSLP-ZsG) in which a ZsGreen (ZsG)-encoding construct has been inserted by recombineering into a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) immediately at the translation initiating ATG of TSLP. The expression of ZsG by mice transgenic for the recombinant BAC appears to be a faithful surrogate for TSLP expression, particularly in keratinocytes and medullary thymic epithelials cells (mTECs). A comparison of gene expression in ZsG expressing and ZsG negative mTECs and cortical thymic epithelial cells, which are all ZsG negative, revealed that all three populations can be distinguished from one another. In particular ZsG (and TSLP) expressing mTECs and ZsG- mTECs are separable populations based on gene expression profiling. Little or no expression of ZsG is observed in bone marrow-derived mast cells or basophils or in CD45+ cells infiltrating TSLP/ZsG-expressing skin. Using the TSLP-ZsG reporter mouse, we show that TNFa and IL-4/IL-13 are potent inducers of TSLP expression by keratinocytes and that local activation of Th2 and Th1 cells induces keratinocyte TSLP expression. We suggest that the capacity of TSLP to both induce Th2 differentiation and to be induced by activated Th2 cells raises the possibility that TSLP may be involved in a positive feedback loop to enhance allergic inflammatory conditions.
2015-01-06 | GSE54343 | GEO
Project description:The immune system plays a key role in the protective response against oral cancer, however the tumour microenvironment (TME) is able to impair this anti-cancer response by modulating T helper (Th) responses and promoting an anti-inflammatory environment. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th2 effector cells (Teff) have been associated with bad prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), however it is unknown the main chemoattractant or immunomodulatory mechanisms associated with the enrichment of these subsets in OSCC. We characterised T helper-like lineages in Teff and Tregs and evaluated the main immunomodulatory changes induced by the TME in OSCC. Our phenotypic data revealed a higher distribution of tumour-infiltrating CCR8+ and Th2-like Treg in OSCC in comparison with non-malignant samples, whereas the percentages of Th1 cells were reduced in cancer. We then analysed the presence of CCR8 ligands and the chemoattractant effect of tumour secretomes, however despite observing higher presence of CCR8 ligand CCL18, we only observed reduced migration of Teff to tumour secretomes. The direct effect of the TME was then analysed by exposing T cell subsets to cancer secretomes and we observed that the TME induced higher expression of CCR8 and immunomodulatory molecules on both subsets. Finally, the proteomic analysis of the TME suggests that these changes were associated with the rapid membrane-associated vitamin D signalling pathway. In summary, the TME from OSCC promotes immunomodulatory changes by regulating CCR8 expression and disbalancing the Th1/Th2 repertoire.
2021-04-29 | PXD023049 | Pride
Project description:Innate pattern recognition receptors for conserved structural elements play critical roles in immunity against viruses, bacteria and fungi, but analogous pathways linking innate recognition of diverse allergens or helminths with type 2 immunity remain elusive. The discovery of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), which produce similar cytokines as CD4+ T helper 2 (Th2) cells1, has suggested models whereby ILC2s directly or indirectly induce adaptive Th2 cells,2-8 but current understanding of how these cells interact in tissue microenvironments to coordinate allergic immunity is limited. Here, we show that tissue Th2 cells differentiate independently of ILC2s, but that both cell types share overlapping transcriptional and functional programs, which require exposure to the tissue-derived cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Combined loss of these epithelial cytokines affects neither Th2 cell priming nor T cell-dependent antibody production, but abrogates allergic lung inflammation due to requirements for local tissue signals to promote differentiation of effector function in both ILC2s and Th2 cells. Our findings reveal how diverse perturbations, including proteases, venoms and mechanical irritants, converge on common pathways to activate type 2 immune responses, thus uncovering a shared checkpoint that can be exploited to control both innate and adaptive allergic inflammation.
2016-10-17 | GSE79703 | GEO
Project description:Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for limiting adaptive immunity, and restrain type-2 inflammation in allergic disease. As Tregs function locally, the mechanisms that coordinate their suppressive role in the inflamed niche are of great interest. Here we show that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are critical mediators of IL-33-driven Treg expansion in allergic inflammation. ILC2-derived OX40L promotes the local expansion of Gata3high Tregs, which possess distinct transcriptional and functional programmes that enforce co-localisation with ILC2 in the inflamed airways. Using OX40 Treg-conditional mutant mice, we show that Gata3high Tregs are important for restraining adaptive type-2 immunity. Mechanistically, Gata3high Tregs modulate OX40L bioavailability on ILC2, which controls effector memory Th2 cell formation. As such, ILC2 can simultaneously engage both the effector and regulatory arms of adaptive type-2 immunity via the OX40L-OX40 signalling axis. More specifically, ILC2-Treg interactions serve as a critical feedback mechanism to control adaptive type-2 immunity.
2024-07-19 | GSE230597 | GEO
Project description:Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for limiting adaptive immunity, and restrain type-2 inflammation in allergic disease. As Tregs function locally, the mechanisms that coordinate their suppressive role in the inflamed niche are of great interest. Here we show that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are critical mediators of IL-33-driven Treg expansion in allergic inflammation. ILC2-derived OX40L promotes the local expansion of Gata3high Tregs, which possess distinct transcriptional and functional programmes that enforce co-localisation with ILC2 in the inflamed airways. Using OX40 Treg-conditional mutant mice, we show that Gata3high Tregs are important for restraining adaptive type-2 immunity. Mechanistically, Gata3high Tregs modulate OX40L bioavailability on ILC2, which controls effector memory Th2 cell formation. As such, ILC2 can simultaneously engage both the effector and regulatory arms of adaptive type-2 immunity via the OX40L-OX40 signalling axis. More specifically, ILC2-Treg interactions serve as a critical feedback mechanism to control adaptive type-2 immunity.
2024-07-19 | GSE230596 | GEO