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Transcript and protein profiling identify signaling, growth arrest, apoptosis and NFκB-survival signatures following GnRH receptor activation.

ABSTRACT: Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) significantly inhibits proliferation of a proportion of cancer cell lines by activating GnRH receptor-G protein signaling. Therefore, manipulation of GnRH receptor signaling may have an under-utilized role in treating certain breast and ovarian cancers. However, the precise signaling pathways necessary for the effect and the features of cellular responses remain poorly defined. We used transcriptomic and proteomic profiling approaches to characterize the effects of GnRH receptor activation in sensitive cells (HEK293-GnRHR, SCL60) in in vitro and in vivo settings, compared to unresponsive HEK293. Analyses of gene expression demonstrated a dynamic SCL60 response to the GnRH super-agonist Triptorelin. Early and mid-phase changes (0.5-1.0 h) comprised mainly transcription factors. Later changes (8-24 h) included a GnRH target gene, CGA, and up or down-regulation of transcripts encoding signaling and cell division machinery. Pathway analysis exposed identified altered mitogen-activated protein kinase and cell cycle pathways, consistent with occurrence of G2/M arrest and apoptosis. NFκB pathway gene transcripts were differentially expressed between control and Triptorelin-treated SCL60 cultures. Reverse phase protein and phospho-proteomic array analyses profiled responses in cultured cells and SCL60 xenografts in vivo during Triptorelin anti-proliferation. Increased phosphorylated NFκB (p65) occurred in SCL60 in vitro, and p-NFκB and IκBε were higher in treated xenografts than controls after 4 days Triptorelin. NFκB inhibition enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of Triptorelin in SCL60 cultures. This study reveals details of pathways interacting with intense GnRH receptor signaling, identifies potential anti-proliferative target genes and implicates the NFκB survival pathway as a node for enhancing GnRH agonist-induced anti-proliferation.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE27467 | GEO | 2012/12/21

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA138453

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) significantly inhibits proliferation of a proportion of cancer cell lines by activating GnRH receptor-G protein signaling. Therefore, manipulation of GnRH receptor signaling may have an under-utilized role in treating certain breast and ovarian cancers. However, the precise signaling pathways necessary for the effect and the features of cellular responses remain poorly defined. We used transcriptomic and proteomic profiling approaches to characterize the effects of GnRH receptor activation in sensitive cells (HEK293-GnRHR, SCL60) in in vitro and in vivo settings, compared to unresponsive HEK293. Analyses of gene expression demonstrated a dynamic SCL60 response to the GnRH super-agonist Triptorelin. Early and mid-phase changes (0.5-1.0 h) comprised mainly transcription factors. Later changes (8-24 h) included a GnRH target gene, CGA, and up or down-regulation of transcripts encoding signaling and cell division machinery. Pathway analysis exposed identified altered mitogen-activated protein kinase and cell cycle pathways, consistent with occurrence of G2/M arrest and apoptosis. NFκB pathway gene transcripts were differentially expressed between control and Triptorelin-treated SCL60 cultures. Reverse phase protein and phospho-proteomic array analyses profiled responses in cultured cells and SCL60 xenografts in vivo during Triptorelin anti-proliferation. Increased phosphorylated NFκB (p65) occurred in SCL60 in vitro, and p-NFκB and IκBε were higher in treated xenografts than controls after 4 days Triptorelin. NFκB inhibition enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of Triptorelin in SCL60 cultures. This study reveals details of pathways interacting with intense GnRH receptor signaling, identifies potential anti-proliferative target genes and implicates the NFκB survival pathway as a node for enhancing GnRH agonist-induced anti-proliferation. 55 samples: 35 SCL60 (15 Control, 20 Treated), 20 HEK293 (12 Control, 8 Treated). Samples collected after 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 8 or 24h after treatment with Triptorelin (100nM) or vehicle control (20% Propylene Glycol solution). SCL60 cells are HEK293 cells stably transfected with a high level of functional rat GnRHR.

Project description:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) might combine with other reproductive hormones to affect follicular development by regulation of the cell cycle in granulosa cells (GCs).To investigate the function of GnRH in GCs, we examined the effects of a GnRH agonist (alarelin acetate) and an antagonist (cetrorelix acetate) on the proliferation of primary goose (Anser cygnoides) ovarian GCs by colorimetry and 5-ethynyl-2¢-deoxyuridine (EdU) cell proliferation assays. Differently expressed genes (DEGs) affected by these GnRH analogues in goose GCs were detected by RNA-seq and the results were verified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR) and western blotting. The optical densities in the colorimetry assays and the S phase cell cycle ratio of GCs in the EdU cell proliferation assays gradually increased and decreased with increasing concentrations in the alarelin-treated and cetrorelix-treated cells in dose-dependent manners, respectively. Statistically significances were achieved at concentrations of 10−5 mol/L alarelin and 1 mg/L cetrorelix acetate RNAseq analysis showed that 134 DEGs and 226 DEGs were detected following GC treatment with 10−5M GnRH alarelin (76 downregulated and 58 upregulated) and 1 mg/L cetrorelix (90 downregulated and 136 upregulated). Many of these DEGs are involved in the actions of genes encoding G protein-coupled hormone receptors, such as estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), and prolactin receptor (PRLR), which are essential for folliculogenesis. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ESR2 in GCs were decreased and increased by the GnRH agonist and antagonist, respectively. Interestingly, ESR2 was increasingly expressed in pre-hierarchical follicles, most strongly expressed in GCs of F5 stage follicles and reduced in preovulatory follicles, which implicates a potential role in follicle selection. Thus, GnRH might act as an autocrine or paracrine factor to regulate GC proliferation by interacting with some key steroid hormone G protein-coupled receptors genes participating in follicular development.

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Transcript and protein profiling identify signaling, growth arrest, apoptosis and NFκB-survival signatures following GnRH receptor activation.

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