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Chromatin retained MUSHER lncRNA integrates ABA and DOG1 signalling pathways to enhance Arabidopsis seeds dormancy.

ABSTRACT: Many plant lncRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to chromatin, but how they are retained at the target loci is unclear. We identify a new, chromatin-localized lncRNA - MUSHER, which activates two parallel regulatory pathways to increase Arabidopsis seed dormancy. MUSHER is upregulated in response to high temperatures, contributing to the induction of secondary dormancy. It promotes DOG1 expression by recruitment of the CPSF complex to enhance the proximal cleavage and polyadenylation at the DOG1 transcript. It also increases ABA sensitivity in seeds by activating PIR1 gene transcription. These genes, located on different chromosomes, are both bound by MUSHER, despite lacking sequence homology. The chromatin association of MUSHER enables the integration of the DOG1- and ABA pathways to adjust seed germination timing. Additionally, MUSHER and other lncRNAs interact with U1 snRNP, which is required for their chromatin localisation, revealing a novel function of U1 snRNP in plants.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE274757 | GEO | 2025/07/14

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Pervasive transcription in the mammalian genome produces thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and promoter- or enhancer-associated unstable transcripts. They preferentially locate to chromatin, at which some regulate chromatin structure, transcription and RNA processing. While several RNA sequences responsible for nuclear localization have been identified, such as repeats in the lncRNA Xist and Alu-like elements for long RNAs, how lncRNAs as a class are enriched on chromatin remains elusive. To screen for cis-elements that contribute to RNA-chromatin localization, we developed a high-throughput method named RNA elements for subcellular localization by sequencing (REL-seq), and discovered a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)-recognition motif being critical for chromatin localization of reporter RNAs. Across the genome, chromatin-bound lncRNAs, which are enriched with 5’ splice sites and depleted of 3’ splice sites, exhibit high levels of U1 snRNA binding compared to cytoplasm-localized protein-coding mRNAs. Acute depletion of U1 snRNA, or U1 snRNP protein component SNRNP70, drastically reduces the chromatin association of hundreds of lncRNAs and unstable transcripts without altering the overall transcription rate in cells. In addition, rapid degradation of SNRNP70 reduces the localization of both nascent and polyadenylated lncRNA transcripts to chromatin, and disrupts the nuclear-speckles and genome-wide localization of Malat1, a highly conserved and abundant lncRNA. Moreover, chromatin-bound U1 snRNP interacts with transcriptionally engaged RNA polymerase (Pol) II. Together, these results demonstrate that U1 snRNP acts widely to tether and mobilize lncRNAs to chromatin in a Pol II transcription-dependent manner. Our findings uncover a novel role of U1 snRNP beyond pre-mRNA processing and provide molecular insights into how lncRNAs are recruited to Pol II-transcribed genes and have a propensity for chromatin-associated functions.

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Chromatin retained MUSHER lncRNA integrates ABA and DOG1 signalling pathways to enhance Arabidopsis seeds dormancy.

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