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APOBR is downregulated in EBV+ tonsils of children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing

ABSTRACT: Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB) is a heterogeneous phenotype that is increasing in prevalence worldwide and has many potential co-morbidities that could severely affect quality of life. There is a need to identify biomarkers for oSDB and its co-morbidities to improve clinical management, particularly in children. We performed bulk mRNA-sequencing, differential expression analysis, and qPCR replication of selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using RNA samples extracted from tonsils of children with oSDB. Two variables were used as classifier, namely detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in tonsils, and need for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Standard statistical tests were used to determine associations across clinical, EBV and DEG variables. Nineteen genes were dysregulated in tonsils that are EBV+ or from children needing CPAP. Of these genes, APOBR was downregulated in both EBV+ and CPAP+ tonsils, and this downregulation was replicated by qPCR in an independent set of pediatric samples. In the tonsils of adult patients with oSDB, APOBR was positively correlated with age, and potentially with diastolic blood pressure. Taken together, APOBR and DEGs in tonsillar tissues may be useful as potential biomarkers of oSDB severity and co-morbidity across the lifespan, with APOBR levels being dependent on latent EBV infection.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE274855 | GEO | 2025/10/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The oral cavity is the persistent reservoir for EBV with lifelong infection of resident epithelial and B cells. Infection of these cell types results in distinct EBV gene expression patterns that are regulated by epigenetic modifications involving DNA methylation and chromatin structure. Such regulation of EBV gene expression relies on viral manipulation of the host epigenetic machinery that may inadvertently result in long-lasting, oncogenic host epigenetic reprogramming. To test this hypothesis in the context of EBV infection of epithelial cells, we established a transient infection model to identify the epigenetic consequences after EBV infection of immortalized normal oral keratinocytes and subsequent viral loss. With mounting evidence that EBV can induce epigenetic alterations, we developed a transient infection model where a clonal derivative (designated cl1) from a human telomerase immortalized normal oral keratinocyte (NOK) cell line was infected with a recombinant Akata EBV carrying neomycin resistance and GfP cassette in place of the BXLF1 open reading frame. Infected cells were passaged ten times, and then selection pressure was removed for an additional ten passages to allow for viral loss. Three transiently-infected EBV-negative clones were identified by single cell cloning (designated cl1, cl3, cl4). Uninfected parental clone and cells transfected with PTRUF5 plasmid were passaged alongside the transiently-infected clones. The transcription profiles were analyzed using Affymetrix microarray U133Plus2.0 arrays in duplicate. NOK cells were single cell cloned (designated as cl1) and EBV infected by co-culture with a recombinant Akata EBV strain carrying neomcycin resistance and GFP expression cassette in place of EBV BXLF1. Cells were selected with 350 ug/ml G418. As a selection control, cells were transfected a plasmid carrying a neomycin resistance cassette. Cells were passaged 10 times with G418, followed by removal of selection pressure. After an additional 10 passages, cells were single cell cloned and the presence of EBV was determined by various methods. Three clones were identified as being EBV negative and said to be transiently infected. Uninfected parental and vector transfected cells were passaged in the same manner and also single cell cloned.

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APOBR is downregulated in EBV+ tonsils of children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing

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