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Quantitative proteome and acetylome analyses uncover integrated drought resistance mechanisms in rice

ABSTRACT: Drought stress significantly reduces rice productivity, necessitating efforts to understand resistance mechanisms. This study utilizes quantitative proteomic and lysine acetylomic analyses to elucidate the complex drought responses in three rice cultivars with distinct drought resistance strategies. Proteomic analysis reveals that Hanyou73, an integrated drought avoidance and drought tolerance cultivar, exhibits exceptional resistance to water deprivation compared to other cultivars. Critically, lysine acetylomic analysis underscores the pivotal role of histone acetylation, particularly H4K5ac, in modulating water management efficiency, which underpins Hanyou73's drought resilience. Leveraging this enhanced water management, Hanyou73 exhibits superior photosynthetic efficiency under drought conditions, primarily attributed to the deacetylation of ATP synthase beta subunit (AtpB) at K100, thereby augmenting ATPase catalytic activity. Additionally, deacetylation of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) at K155 indicated an adaptive metabolic response across all drought-resistant cultivars, ensuring sustained energy and metabolic intermediate supply crucial for broad adaptation mechanisms. Collectively, these findings elucidate the intricate regulatory networks in Hanyou73, highlighting its sophisticated balance between drought avoidance and tolerance strategies. This research offers valuable insights into the proteomic and lysine acetylomic dynamics underlying rice drought resistance, providing potential biomarkers for breeding towards genetic enhancement.

ORGANISM(S): Oryza sativa

PROVIDER: GSE276295 | GEO | 2025/09/04

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:External application of acetic acid has been recently reported to enhance the survival to drought in plants such as Arabidopsis, rapeseed, maize, rice and wheat, but the effects of acetic acid application on increased drought tolerance in woody plants such as a tropical crop “cassava” remain elusive. A molecular understanding of acetic acid-induced drought avoidance in cassava will contribute to the development of technology that can be used to enhance drought tolerance without resorting to transgenic technology or advancements in cassava cultivation. In the present study, morphological, physiological and molecular responses to drought were analyzed in cassava after the treatment with acetic acid. Results indicated that the acetic acid-treated cassava plants had a higher level of drought avoidance than water-treated, control plants. Specifically, higher leaf relative water content, and chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were observed as soils dried out during the drought treatment. Leaf temperatures in acetic acid-treated cassava plants were higher relative to leaves on plants pretreated with water and the increase of ABA content was observed in leaves of acetic acid-treated plants, suggesting that stomatal conductance and the transpiration rate in leaves of acetic acid-treated plants decreased to maintain relative water contents and avoid drought. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the acetic acid treatment increased the expression of ABA signaling-related genes, such as OPEN STOMATA 1　(OST1) and protein phosphatase 2C; as well as drought response and tolerance-related genes, such as outer membrane tryptophan-rich sensory protein (TSPO), and heat shock proteins. Collectively, the external application of acetic acid enhances drought avoidance in cassava through the upregulation of ABA signaling pathway genes and several stress response- and tolerance-related genes. These data support the idea that adjustments of the acetic acid application to plants is useful to enhance drought tolerance in order to minimize the growth inhibition in the agricultural field.

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Quantitative proteome and acetylome analyses uncover integrated drought resistance mechanisms in rice

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