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Differentially expressed genes of ClNAC100 in regulation of fruit size

ABSTRACT: Fruit size is associated with fruit production and is an important economic trait. However, the identity of key genes regulating fruit size in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is still unknown. In this study, we identified a NAC gene, ClNAC100, located in one of the selective sweep regions during watermelon domestication. ClNAC100 was expressed highly in fruit flesh and encoded a transcriptional activator. Knockout of ClNAC100 resulted in a dramatic decrease of plant height and fruit size. Gibberellin (GA) content in the Clnac100 mutant was significantly lower than in wild-type plants. Exogenous GA4 application fully rescued plant height and partially rescued fruit size of Clnac100 mutant to wild-type values. ClNAC100 directly activated the expression of the expansin gene ClEXPA1 and the gibberellin biosynthesis genes ClGA3oxs. However, the transcriptional activation of these target genes by ClNAC100 was inhibited by interaction of ClNAC100 with the GA signaling protein DELLA. A natural variant (−1087,T/C) in the ClNAC100 promoter created a Dof-binding element to which ClDof4.6 bound to activate ClNAC100 expression in cultivated watermelons. Together, our results demonstrate that ClNAC100 mainly modulates the GA pathway to regulate fruit size and plant height. These findings provide valuable insight into the mechanism behind the establishment of plant height and fruit size in watermelon.

ORGANISM(S): Citrullus lanatus

PROVIDER: GSE277339 | GEO | 2026/09/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:This model is from the article: Mathematical modeling elucidates the role of transcriptional feedback in gibberellin signaling. Middleton AM , Úbeda-Tomás S , Griffiths J , Holman T , Hedden P , Thomas SG , Phillips AL , Holdsworth MJ , Bennett MJ , King JR, Owen MR Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2012 May; 109(19): 7571-6 22523240 , Abstract: The hormone gibberellin (GA) is a key regulator of plant growth. Many of the components of the gibberellin signal transduction [e.g., GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1 (GID1) and DELLA], biosynthesis [e.g., GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox) and GA3ox], and deactivation pathways have been identified. Gibberellin binds its receptor, GID1, to form a complex that mediates the degradation of DELLA proteins. In this way, gibberellin relieves DELLA-dependent growth repression. However, gibberellin regulates expression of GID1, GA20ox, and GA3ox, and there is also evidence that it regulates DELLA expression. In this paper, we use integrated mathematical modeling and experiments to understand how these feedback loops interact to control gibberellin signaling. Model simulations are in good agreement with in vitro data on the signal transduction and biosynthesis pathways and in vivo data on the expression levels of gibberellin-responsive genes. We find that GA-GID1 interactions are characterized by two timescales (because of a lid on GID1 that can open and close slowly relative to GA-GID1 binding and dissociation). Furthermore, the model accurately predicts the response to exogenous gibberellin after a number of chemical and genetic perturbations. Finally, we investigate the role of the various feedback loops in gibberellin signaling. We find that regulation of GA20ox transcription plays a significant role in both modulating the level of endogenous gibberellin and generating overshoots after the removal of exogenous gibberellin. Moreover, although the contribution of other individual feedback loops seems relatively small, GID1 and DELLA transcriptional regulation acts synergistically with GA20ox feedback.

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Differentially expressed genes of ClNAC100 in regulation of fruit size

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