The p400 complex promotes HIV-1 latency by suppressing 1 viral transcription and altering the host cell state [RNA-seq]
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE280360 | GEO | 2025/08/19
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Eradicating HIV-1 is complicated by latently infected CD4+T cells harboring repressed HIV-1 proviruses that can reactivate. Using a pooled shRNAmir screen of all human chromatin regulators we identified previously unappreciated factors that govern HIV-1 latency and reactivation. Depletion of EP400 and DMAP1, core subunits of the multifunctional p400 complex, strongly derepressed HIV-1 transcription in Jurkat and primary CD4+T cells. EP400/DMAP1 co-localize with paused RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) at the transcriptional start sites (TSS) of protein-coding genes, limiting RNAPII pause release, with HIV-1 elongation particularly affected. TNF-⍺ stimulation robustly promotes co-recruitment of RNAPII, EP400, and DMAP1 across the HIV-1 genome, which is distinct from other genes where this co-recruitment occurs mainly at the TSS. Depletion of EP400/DMAP1 reactivated HIV transcription independently of histone variant exchange and KAT5 activity, and increased gene expression of key T cell factors known to trans-activate HIV-1. Thus, the p400 complex is a host restriction factor that blocks RNAPII transcriptional elongation at the HIV-1 locus and creates a CD4+T cell state unfavorable for HIV-1 transcription.
2025-08-19 | GSE280359 | GEO
Project description:Proper regulation of chromatin structure is necessary for the maintenance of cell type-specific gene expression patterns. The embryonic stem cell (ESC) expression pattern governs self-renewal and pluripotency. Here, we present an RNAi screen in mouse ESCs of 1008 loci encoding chromatin proteins. We identified 68 proteins that exhibit diverse phenotypes upon knockdown (KD), including seven subunits of the Tip60-p400 complex. Phenotypic analyses revealed that Tip60-p400 is necessary to maintain characteristic features of ESCs. We show that p400 localization to the promoters of both silent and active genes is dependent upon histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). Furthermore, the Tip60-p400 KD gene expression profile is enriched for developmental regulators and significantly overlaps with that of the transcription factor Nanog. Depletion of Nanog reduces p400 binding to target promoters without affecting H3K4me3 levels. Together, these data indicate that Tip60-p400 integrates signals from Nanog and H3K4me3 to regulate gene expression in ESCs. Experiment Overall Design: We identified genes encoding subunits of the Tip60-p400 complex in an RNAi screen of chromatin proteins in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which upon depletion resulted in a dramatic phenotype. To investigate the role of this complex in gene expression in ESCs, we performed expression profiling upon depletion of the catalytic subunits. We performed 4 biological replicates of p400 or Tip60 knockdown and compared them to biological replicates of control EGFP knockdown. The p400 (Ep400) experiment was performed as competitive two-color hybridizations on one 4x44K array with dye swaps and the Tip60 (Htatip) experiment was performed as single color hybridizations on two 4x44K arrays. Note: the Tip60 KD replicate 3 was excluded from downstream analysis of differential expression, because the intensity profile was an outlier in diagnostic analyses
2008-10-20 | E-GEOD-11240 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:SPT6 is a conserved elongation factor that is associated with phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) during transcription. Recent transcriptome analysis in yeast mutants revealed its potential role in the control of transcription initiation at genic promoters. However, the mechanism by which this is achieved and how this is linked to elongation remains to be elucidated. Here, we present the genome-wide occupancy of Arabidopsis SPT6-like (SPT6L) and demonstrate its conserved role in facilitating RNAPII occupancy across transcribed genes. We also further demonstrate that SPT6L enrichment is unexpectedly shifted, from gene body to transcription start site (TSS), when its association with RNAPII is disrupted. Protein domains, required for proper function and enrichment of SPT6L on chromatin, are subsequently identified. Finally, our results suggest that recruitment of SPT6L at TSS is indispensable for its spreading along the gene body during transcription. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying SPT6L recruitment in transcription and shed light on the coordination between transcription initiation and elongation.
2019-05-15 | GSE108673 | GEO
Project description:The latent HIV reservoir is a major barrier to HIV cure. Combining latency reversal agents (LRAs) with differing mechanisms of action such as AZD5582, a non-canonical NF-kB activator, and I-BET151, a bromodomain inhibitor are appealing towards inducing HIV reactivation. However, even this LRA combination needs improvement as it is inefficient at activating proviruses in cells from people living with HIV (PLWH). We performed a CRISPR screen in conjunction with AZD5582 & I-BET151 and identified a member of the Integrator complex as a target to improve this LRA combination, specifically Integrator complex subunit 12 (INTS12). Integrator functions as a genome-wide attenuator of transcription that acts on elongation through its RNA cleavage and phosphatase modules. Knockout of INTS12 in both cell line models and in CD4 T cells from virally suppressed PLWH improves reactivation at the transcriptional level and is more specific than AZD5582 & I-BET151 treatment alone. INTS12 is present on chromatin at the promoter of HIV and therefore its effect on HIV may be direct. Additionally, we observe more RNAPII in the gene body of HIV only with the combination of INTS12 knockout with AZD5582 & I-BET151 indicating the combination may specifically overcome an elongation block to reactivation. We also observe viral RNA in the supernatant from CD4 T cells of all three virally suppressed PLWH tested upon INTS12 knockout suggesting that INTS12 controls full-length HIV RNA and virus production ex vivo.
2024-09-17 | GSE277305 | GEO
Project description:The latent HIV reservoir is a major barrier to HIV cure. Combining latency reversal agents (LRAs) with differing mechanisms of action such as AZD5582, a non-canonical NF-kB activator, and I-BET151, a bromodomain inhibitor are appealing towards inducing HIV reactivation. However, even this LRA combination needs improvement as it is inefficient at activating proviruses in cells from people living with HIV (PLWH). We performed a CRISPR screen in conjunction with AZD5582 & I-BET151 and identified a member of the Integrator complex as a target to improve this LRA combination, specifically Integrator complex subunit 12 (INTS12). Integrator functions as a genome-wide attenuator of transcription that acts on elongation through its RNA cleavage and phosphatase modules. Knockout of INTS12 in both cell line models and in CD4 T cells from virally suppressed PLWH improves reactivation at the transcriptional level and is more specific than AZD5582 & I-BET151 treatment alone. INTS12 is present on chromatin at the promoter of HIV and therefore its effect on HIV may be direct. Additionally, we observe more RNAPII in the gene body of HIV only with the combination of INTS12 knockout with AZD5582 & I-BET151 indicating the combination may specifically overcome an elongation block to reactivation. We also observe viral RNA in the supernatant from CD4 T cells of all three virally suppressed PLWH tested upon INTS12 knockout suggesting that INTS12 controls full-length HIV RNA and virus production ex vivo.
2024-09-17 | GSE276747 | GEO
Project description:The latent HIV reservoir is a major barrier to HIV cure. Combining latency reversal agents (LRAs) with differing mechanisms of action such as AZD5582, a non-canonical NF-kB activator, and I-BET151, a bromodomain inhibitor is appealing towards inducing HIV-1 reactivation. However, even this LRA combination needs improvement as it is inefficient at activating proviruses in cells from people living with HIV (PLWH). We performed a CRISPR screen in conjunction with AZD5582 & I-BET151 and identified a member of the Integrator complex as a target to improve this LRA combination, specifically Integrator complex subunit 12 (INTS12). Integrator functions as a genome-wide attenuator of transcription that acts on elongation through its RNA cleavage and phosphatase modules. Knockout of INTS12 improved latency reactivation at the transcriptional level and is more specific to the HIV-1 provirus than AZD5582 & I-BET151 treatment alone. We found that INTS12 is present on chromatin at the promoter of HIV and therefore its effect on HIV may be direct. Additionally, we observed more RNAPII in the gene body of HIV only with the combination of INTS12 knockout with AZD5582 & I-BET151, indicating that INTS12 induces a transcriptional elongation block to viral reactivation. Moreover, knockout of INTS12 increased HIV-1 reactivation in CD4 T cells from virally suppressed PLWH ex vivo. We also detected viral RNA in the supernatant from CD4 T cells of all three virally suppressed PLWH tested upon INTS12 knockout suggesting that INTS12 prevents full-length HIV RNA production in primary T cells.
2024-09-17 | GSE276777 | GEO
Project description:Fine-tuning the coexistence of DNA replication and transcription is essential to avoid detrimental collisions between these two machineries. This is particularly relevant at promoters, as RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation is slowest there, and DNA replication evolutionarily initiates in close proximity to these sites. The mechanisms that regulate the acceleration of RNAPII to specifically avoid conflicts with the incoming replisome in a co-directional manner have not been addressed. In this study, using genome-wide and proteomics approaches, we identify and characterize CFAP20 as part of a protective pathway that accelerates elongating RNAPII, diverting it from the path of co-directional replisomes. CFAP20-deficient cells accumulate R-loops specifically at promoters and display defects in origin firing and replication fork progression. Co-depletion of the Mediator complex, or removal of RNAPII engaged with R-loops, completely rescues these replication phenotypes. Therefore, we propose that CFAP20 aids in RNAPII acceleration under conditions of high Mediator-driven transcription output to fine-tune RNAPII elongation and prevent collisions with co-directional replisomes.
2026-03-02 | PXD051449 | Pride
Project description:Cyclin T1-dependent genes in activated Jurkat cells. HIV-1 is dependent upon cellular co-factors to mediate its replication cycle in CD4+ T cells and macrophages, the two major cell types infected by the virus in vivo. One critical co-factor is Cyclin T1, a subunit of a general RNA polymerase II elongation factor known as P-TEFb. Cyclin T1 is targeted directly by the viral Tat protein to activate proviral transcription. Cyclin T1 is up-regulated when resting CD4+ T cells are activated and during macrophage differentiation or activation, conditions that are also necessary for high levels of HIV-1 replication. Because Cyclin T1 is a subunit of a transcription factor, the up-regulation of Cyclin T1 in these cells results in the induction of cellular genes, some of which might be HIV-1 co-factors. Using shRNA depletions of Cyclin T1 and transcriptional profiling, we identified 54 cellular mRNAs that are Cyclin T1-dependent for their induction in activated CD4+ T cells and during macrophage differentiation and activation. The promoters for these Cyclin T1-dependent genes (CTDGs) are over-represented in two transcription factor binding sites, SREBP1 and ARP1. Notably, 10 of these CTDGs have been reported to be involved in HIV-1 replication, a significant over-representation of such genes when compared to randomly generated lists of 54 genes (p value < 0.00021). SiRNA depletions of two CTDGs identified here, CDK11 and Casein kinase1gamma1, suggest that these genes are also involved in HIV-1 replication. It is therefore likely that the 54 CTDGs identified here include novel HIV-1 co-factors. The presence of CTDGs in the protein space that was available for HIV-1 to sample during its evolution and acquisition of Tat function may provide an explanation for why CTDGs are enriched in viral co-factors. Experiment Overall Design: Using shRNA knockdown of cyclin T1, cyclin T1-dependent genes were identified in activated Jurkat cells.
2008-10-20 | E-GEOD-10232 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cyclin T1-dependent genes in PMA-activated MM6 cells. HIV-1 is dependent upon cellular co-factors to mediate its replication cycle in CD4+ T cells and macrophages, the two major cell types infected by the virus in vivo. One critical co-factor is Cyclin T1, a subunit of a general RNA polymerase II elongation factor known as P-TEFb. Cyclin T1 is targeted directly by the viral Tat protein to activate proviral transcription. Cyclin T1 is up-regulated when resting CD4+ T cells are activated and during macrophage differentiation or activation, conditions that are also necessary for high levels of HIV-1 replication. Because Cyclin T1 is a subunit of a transcription factor, the up-regulation of Cyclin T1 in these cells results in the induction of cellular genes, some of which might be HIV-1 co-factors. Using shRNA depletions of Cyclin T1 and transcriptional profiling, we identified 54 cellular mRNAs that are Cyclin T1-dependent for their induction in activated CD4+ T cells and during macrophage differentiation and activation. The promoters for these Cyclin T1-dependent genes (CTDGs) are over-represented in two transcription factor binding sites, SREBP1 and ARP1. Notably, 10 of these CTDGs have been reported to be involved in HIV-1 replication, a significant over-representation of such genes when compared to randomly generated lists of 54 genes (p value < 0.00021). SiRNA depletions of two CTDGs identified here, CDK11 and Casein kinase1gamma1, suggest that these genes are also involved in HIV-1 replication. It is therefore likely that the 54 CTDGs identified here include novel HIV-1 co-factors. The presence of CTDGs in the protein space that was available for HIV-1 to sample during its evolution and acquisition of Tat function may provide an explanation for why CTDGs are enriched in viral co-factors. Experiment Overall Design: Using shRNA knockdown of cyclin T1, cyclin T1-dependent genes were identified in PMA-activated MM6 cells.
2008-10-20 | E-GEOD-10233 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cyclin T1-dependent genes in LPS-activated MM6 cells. HIV-1 is dependent upon cellular co-factors to mediate its replication cycle in CD4+ T cells and macrophages, the two major cell types infected by the virus in vivo. One critical co-factor is Cyclin T1, a subunit of a general RNA polymerase II elongation factor known as P-TEFb. Cyclin T1 is targeted directly by the viral Tat protein to activate proviral transcription. Cyclin T1 is up-regulated when resting CD4+ T cells are activated and during macrophage differentiation or activation, conditions that are also necessary for high levels of HIV-1 replication. Because Cyclin T1 is a subunit of a transcription factor, the up-regulation of Cyclin T1 in these cells results in the induction of cellular genes, some of which might be HIV-1 co-factors. Using shRNA depletions of Cyclin T1 and transcriptional profiling, we identified 54 cellular mRNAs that are Cyclin T1-dependent for their induction in activated CD4+ T cells and during macrophage differentiation and activation. The promoters for these Cyclin T1-dependent genes (CTDGs) are over-represented in two transcription factor binding sites, SREBP1 and ARP1. Notably, 10 of these CTDGs have been reported to be involved in HIV-1 replication, a significant over-representation of such genes when compared to randomly generated lists of 54 genes (p value < 0.00021). SiRNA depletions of two CTDGs identified here, CDK11 and Casein kinase1gamma1, suggest that these genes are also involved in HIV-1 replication. It is therefore likely that the 54 CTDGs identified here include novel HIV-1 co-factors. The presence of CTDGs in the protein space that was available for HIV-1 to sample during its evolution and acquisition of Tat function may provide an explanation for why CTDGs are enriched in viral co-factors. Experiment Overall Design: Using shRNA knockdown of cyclin T1, cyclin T1-dependent genes were identified in LPS-activated MM6 cells.
2008-10-20 | E-GEOD-10234 | biostudies-arrayexpress