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Species-specific phyllosphere responses to external pH change

ABSTRACT: The leaf surface, known as the phylloplane, represents the initial point of contact for plants in their interaction with the aboveground environment. Although prior research has assessed how leaves respond to external pH variations, particularly in the context of acid rain, there remains a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which plants detect, respond to, and mitigate cellular damage. To look at plant responses to external pH changes, we measured the phylloplane pH for five species with variable phylloplane pH that ranged in the dry control. Moreover, we investigated the phylloplane pH in response to three pH treatments (pH 6.5, 4, and 2) and found that plants can modify their phylloplane pH, and this buffering ability is species-specific. Among the species analyzed, only Gossypium displayed a strong buffering ability. For treatments where leaves were exposed to either pH 6.5 or pH 4, Gossypium alkalinized the phylloplane pH slightly higher than the dry control pH. Remarkably, when leaves were exposed to pH 2, Gossypium was able to buffer the pH to 6 within five minutes. Furthermore, our transcriptional analysis indicated that the responses to external pH changes varied among species, highlighting differentially expressed genes associated with calcium (Ca2+) signaling pathways, as well as Ca2+ and H+-ATPases pumps. These findings also suggest that pH stress negatively impacts photosynthesis, and that both wetness and moderate pH shifts may trigger additional abiotic and biotic stress signaling pathways.

ORGANISM(S): Gossypium arboreum Nepenthes bicalcarata Beta vulgaris Nepenthes rafflesiana Gossypium hirsutum

PROVIDER: GSE281272 | GEO | 2025/11/15

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Every cyanobacterial species contains gene encoding site-2-protease (S2P) homolog. The studied prokaryotic S2P homologs play essential roles in regulating stress response through intramembrane proteolysis of membrane-bound anti-sigma factors. Here, gene of Slr0643, one of four S2P homologs in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, was insertionally disrupted to explore its physiological role. Only a partially segregated mutant was obtained, indicating its indispensability for growth. The partially disrupted mutant could not grow at pH 6.5, while wild type acclimated to pH 6.5 quickly. The slr0643 gene expression was transiently induced after pH transfer from 7.5 to 6.5. Both evidences demonstrated the pivotal role of fully functional Slr0643 in acid acclimation. DNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses decoded genes involved in early acid acclimation and revealed differentially expressed genes due to slr0643 disruption at both pH conditions. Early acid acclimation to pH 6.5 included upregulation of sigH, hik16 and hik35, and downregulation of pcrR and sigG; as well as downregulation of porins and upregulation of inorganic carbon and nitrogen transporters. Defective photosynthesis and excess expression of NADH dehydrogenase, together with over upregulation of carbon transporter and repression of nitrogen transporter and metabolism gene contributed to the acid lethality of mutant at pH 6.5. Most interestingly, analysis of microarray data revealed the close relationship between slr0643 disruption and expression of sigH operon. Therefore it was implied that Slr0643/Sll0857/SigH might acts through S2P/anti-Sigma factor/Sigma factor mechanism to play a role in acid acclimation. M-bM-^@M-^C Loop design was used to compare differential expression of wild type and mutant at pH 7.5 and pH 6.5 respectively, including dye-swape. Biological variation was sampled by extracting RNA from three independent experiments and pooling them together before hybridizations. Two or four replicate chips for each comparison and two replicate printings per chip represent technical repeats.

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Species-specific phyllosphere responses to external pH change

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