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Autumn-winter progression triggers distinct transcriptional programmes in Arabidopsis thaliana (ATAC-seq)

ABSTRACT: Plants must properly integrate noisy temperature signals to monitor seasonal progression. However, the global regulatory landscape underlying cold acclimation and adaption of plants to noisy and fluctuating natural cold conditions remain poorly investigated. Here, we perform a deep-coverage RNA-seq to investigate the transcriptome dynamics of Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown over weeks of a fluctuating temperature regime, mimicking natural cold conditions of autumn and early winter, or grown using an average daily temperature profile without any temperature fluctuations. We show that progressive cold induces three main patterns of transcriptional response: dynamic-, cooling- and chilling-responsive gene activation. Progressive cold induces a complex network of regulators that could be responsible for the regulation of distinct transcriptional programs. Surprisingly, we find only small differences in cold-responsive gene expression between average and fluctuating conditions. We also highlight that temperature before time is the principal driver of cold transcriptional reprogramming. By combining RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data, we observe that the induction of cold-responsive genes is associated with an increase of promoter accessibility whereas down-regulated genes do not lose accessibility, allowing plants to rapidly reactivate transcription after the return of favourable conditions.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE283017 | GEO | 2026/09/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The cold acclimation process is regulated by many factors like ambient temperature, day length, light intensity, or hormonal status. Experiments with plants grown under different light-quality conditions indicate that the plant response to cold is also a light-quality-dependent process. Here, the role of light quality in the cold response was studied in one-month-old Arabidopsis thaliana (Col‐0) plants exposed for one week to 4 °C at short‐day conditions under white (100 and 20 μmol m‐2s‐1), blue or red (20 μmol m‐2s‐1) light conditions. An upregulated expression of CBF1, an inhibition of photosynthesis, and an increase in membrane damage showed that blue light enhanced the effect of low temperature. Interestingly, cold-treated plants under blue and red light showed only limited freezing tolerance compared to white light cold-treated plants. Next, the specificity of the light quality signal in cold response was evaluated in Arabidopsis accessions originating from different and contrasting latitudes. In all but one Arabidopsis accessions, blue light increased the effect of cold on photosynthetic parameters and electrolyte leakage. This effect was not found for Ws-0, which lacks functional CRY2 protein, indicating its role in the cold response. Proteomics data confirmed significant differences between red and blue light treated plants at low temperature and showed that the cold response is highly accession specific. In general, blue light increased mainly the cold-stress related proteins and red light induced higher expression of chloroplast-related proteins, which correlated with higher photosynthetic parameters in red light cold-treated plants. Altogether, our data suggest that light modulates two distinct mechanisms during the cold treatment - red light driven cell function maintaining program and blue light activated specific cold response. The importance of mutual complementarity of these mechanisms was demonstrated by significantly higher freezing tolerance of cold-treated plants under white light.

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Autumn-winter progression triggers distinct transcriptional programmes in Arabidopsis thaliana (ATAC-seq)

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