Melanoma cell culture phenotypes I
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE28335 | GEO | 2011/04/05
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA153925
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Recent trials with MAPK inhibitors have shown promising results in many patients with metastatic melanoma; however, nearly all responding patients experience disease relapse. We describe here how melanoma cells respond to MAPK inhibition in a phenotype-specific manner, suggesting that slow cycling invasive phenotype cells provide a treatment-resistant pool from which disease relapse may be derived. The implication is that while MAPK inhibition may successfully treat proliferating cells, another cell population needs to be addressed at the same time. 12 samples
2011-04-05 | E-GEOD-28335 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:These samples are part of a study that tries to find melanoma subgroups by the mean of gene expression analysis. Recent trials with MAPK inhibitors have shown promising results in many patients with metastatic melanoma; however, nearly all responding patients experience disease relapse. We describe here how melanoma cells respond to MAPK inhibition in a phenotype-specific manner, suggesting that slow cycling invasive phenotype cells provide a treatment-resistant pool from which disease relapse may be derived. The implication is that while MAPK inhibition may successfully treat proliferating cells, another cell population needs to be addressed at the same time.
2012-05-24 | GSE33727 | GEO
Project description:Metastatic melanoma is either intrinsically resistant or rapidly acquires resistance to targeted therapy treatments, such as MAPK inhibitors. A leading cause of resistance to targeted therapy is a dynamic transition of melanoma cells from a proliferative to a highly invasive state, a phenomenon called phenotype switching. Mechanisms regulating phenotype switching represent potential targets for improving treatment of melanoma patients. Using a drug screen targeting chromatin regulators in patient-derived 3D MAPK inhibitor-resistant melanoma cell cultures, we discovered that PARP inhibitors restore sensitivity to MAPK inhibitors, independent of DNA damage repair pathways. Integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic analyses demonstrated that PARP inhibitors induce lysosomal autophagic cell death, accompanied by enhanced mitochondrial lipid metabolism that ultimately increases antigen presentation and sensitivity to T-cell cytotoxicity. Moreover, transcriptomic and epigenetic rearrangements induced by PARP inhibition reversed EMT-like phenotype switching, which redirected melanoma cells toward a proliferative and MAPK inhibitor-sensitive state. The combination of PARP and MAPK inhibitors synergistically induced cancer cell death both in vitro and in vivo in patient-derived xenograft models. Therefore, this study provides a scientific rationale for treating melanoma patients with PARP inhibitors in combination with MAPK inhibitors to abrogate acquired therapy resistance.
2023-08-24 | GSE221241 | GEO
Project description:Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy represents a major clinical challenge for many tumors, particularly epithelial ovarian cancer. After initial response, patients often experience several response-relapse events, until tumors start to resist the treatment. Resistant patients have low response rate to other chemotherapy regimens, with life expectancy of 12-15 months. Despite improved knowledge of the molecular determinants of platinum resistance, the lack of clinical applicability limits exploitation of many potential targets, and no novel drugs have been approved for resistant disease. By investigating the functional link between metabolic adaptations and resistance, we discovered that resistant cells modify their serine metabolism and acquire a specific NAD+ generating phenotype, which allows them to sustain PARP activity under treatment. Our findings reveal a novel metabolic vulnerability of resistant tumors that might have an immediate clinical implication, showing that ex vivo patient derived resistant models can be re-sensitized to platinum by combining it with PARP inhibition.
2022-05-16 | GSE176218 | GEO
Project description:A mechanistic relationship between tumor epigenetic plasticity and nongenetic adaptive resistance to therapy is described, with MAPK inhibition of BRAF-mutant melanoma cells providing the model system. Upon inhibition, these largely melanocytic cells undergo reversible cell-state changes, ultimately yielding a drug-resistant mesenchymal-like phenotype. Epigenomic and transcriptomic kinetic studies, coupled with information theory and dynamic system modeling, revealed that, after just 3-days of treatment, RelA drives chromatin remodeling to establish an epigenetic program encoding long-term phenotype changes. Specifically, RelA transcriptionally inhibits SOX10 and NFKBIE through recruiting KDM5B and HDAC1 to down-regulate histone marks H3K4me3 and H3K27ac at their promoter regions. Suppression of SOX10 mediates melanoma regression towards drug-refractory phenotypes. These findings were confirmed in melanoma patients under MAPK inhibitor treatment, providing mechanistic insights into resistance-leading epigenetic reprogramming triggered following drug exposure.
2019-09-23 | GSE134459 | GEO
Project description:Virtually all patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma develop resistance to MAPK inhibitors largely through non-mutational events. Although the epigenetic landscape is shown to be altered in therapy-resistant melanomas and other cancers, a specific targetable epigenetic mechanism has not been validated to date. Here, we evaluate the CoREST repressor complex and the recently developed bivalent inhibitor, corin, within the context of melanoma phenotype plasticity and therapeutic resistance. We find that CoREST is a critical mediator of the major distinct melanoma phenotypes and that corin treatment of melanoma cells leads to phenotype reprogramming. Global assessment of transcript and chromatin changes conferred by corin reveals specific effects on histone marks connected to EMT-associated transcription factors and the dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs). Remarkably, treatment of BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi)-resistant melanomas with corin promotes resensitization to BRAFi therapy. DUSP1 is consistently downregulated in BRAFi-resistant melanomas which is reversed by corin treatment and associated with inhibition of p38 MAPK activity and resensitization to BRAFi therapies. Moreover, this activity can be recapitulated by the p38 MAPK inhibitor, BIRB 796. These findings identify the CoREST repressor complex as a central mediator of melanoma phenotype plasticity and resistance to targeted therapy and suggest that CoREST inhibitors may prove beneficial to patients with BRAFi- resistant melanoma.
2024-02-22 | GSE254701 | GEO
Project description:Virtually all patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma develop resistance to MAPK inhibitors largely through non-mutational events. Although the epigenetic landscape is shown to be altered in therapy-resistant melanomas and other cancers, a specific targetable epigenetic mechanism has not been validated to date. Here, we evaluate the CoREST repressor complex and the recently developed bivalent inhibitor, corin, within the context of melanoma phenotype plasticity and therapeutic resistance. We find that CoREST is a critical mediator of the major distinct melanoma phenotypes and that corin treatment of melanoma cells leads to phenotype reprogramming. Global assessment of transcript and chromatin changes conferred by corin reveals specific effects on histone marks connected to EMT-associated transcription factors and the dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs). Remarkably, treatment of BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi)-resistant melanomas with corin promotes resensitization to BRAFi therapy. DUSP1 is consistently downregulated in BRAFi-resistant melanomas which is reversed by corin treatment and associated with inhibition of p38 MAPK activity and resensitization to BRAFi therapies. Moreover, this activity can be recapitulated by the p38 MAPK inhibitor, BIRB 796. These findings identify the CoREST repressor complex as a central mediator of melanoma phenotype plasticity and resistance to targeted therapy and suggest that CoREST inhibitors may prove beneficial to patients with BRAFi- resistant melanoma.
2024-02-01 | GSE156250 | GEO
Project description:The majority of neuroblastoma patients have tumors that initially respond to chemotherapy, but a large proportion of patients will experience therapy-resistant relapses. The molecular basis of this aggressive phenotype is unknown. Whole genome sequencing of 23 paired diagnostic and relapsed neuroblastomas showed clonal evolution from the diagnostic tumor with a median of 29 somatic mutations unique to the relapse sample. Eighteen of the 23 relapse tumors (78%) showed RAS-MAPK pathway mutations. Seven events were detected only in the relapse tumor while the others showed clonal enrichment. In neuroblastoma cell lines we also detected a high frequency of activating mutations in the RAS-MAPK pathway (11/18, 61%) and these lesions predicted for sensitivity to MEK inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide a rationale for genetic characterization of relapse neuroblastoma and show that RAS-MAPK pathway mutations may function as a biomarker for new therapeutic approaches to refractory disease.
| EGAS00001001183 | EGA
Project description:The majority of neuroblastoma patients have tumors that initially respond to chemotherapy, but a large proportion of patients will experience therapy-resistant relapses. The molecular basis of this aggressive phenotype is unknown. Whole genome sequencing of 23 paired diagnostic and relapsed neuroblastomas showed clonal evolution from the diagnostic tumor with a median of 29 somatic mutations unique to the relapse sample. Eighteen of the 23 relapse tumors (78%) showed RAS-MAPK pathway mutations. Seven events were detected only in the relapse tumor while the others showed clonal enrichment. In neuroblastoma cell lines we also detected a high frequency of activating mutations in the RAS-MAPK pathway (11/18, 61%) and these lesions predicted for sensitivity to MEK inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide a rationale for genetic characterization of relapse neuroblastoma and show that RAS-MAPK pathway mutations may function as a biomarker for new therapeutic approaches to refractory disease.
| EGAD00001001360 | EGA
Project description:Inhibitors of the MAPKs, BRAF and MEK, induce tumor regression in the majority of patients with BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma. The clinical benefit of MAPK inhibitors is restricted by the development of acquired resistance with half of those who benefit having progressed by 6-7 months and long-term responders uncommon. There remains no agreed treatment strategy on disease progression in these patients. Without published evidence, fears of accelerated disease progression on inhibitor withdrawal have led to the continuation of drugs beyond formal disease progression. We now demonstrate that treatment with MAPK inhibitors beyond disease progression can provide significant clinical benefit, and the withdrawal of these inhibitors led to a marked increase in the rate of disease progression in two patients. We also show that MAPK inhibitors retain partial activity in acquired resistant melanoma by examining drug-resistant clones generated to dabrafenib, trametinib or the combination of these drugs. All resistant sublines displayed a markedly slower rate of proliferation when exposed to MAPK inhibitors, and this coincided with a reduction in MAPK signalling, decrease in BrdU incorporation and S-phase inhibition. This cytostatic effect was also associated diminished levels of cyclin D1 and p-pRb.. Two short-term melanoma cultures generated from resistant tumour biopsies also responded to MAPK inhibition with comparable inhibitory changes in proliferation and MAPK signalling. These data provide a rationale for the continuation of BRAF and MEK inhibitors after disease progression and support the development of clinical trials to examine this strategy. Total RNA obtained from melanooma cell lines treated for 24h with dabrafenib, trametinib or combination of dabrafenib and trametinib
2013-06-30 | E-GEOD-44753 | biostudies-arrayexpress