Amorfrutins are selective PPARγ agonists with potent antidiabetic properties
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE28384 | GEO | 2012/05/02
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA139093
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Faced by an alarming incidence of metabolic diseases including obesity and type 2 diabetes worldwide, there is an urgent need for effective strategies for preventing and treating these common diseases. The nuclear receptor PPARM-NM-3 (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) plays a crucial role in metabolism. We isolated the amorfrutins from edible parts of the plants Glychyrrhiza foetida and Amorpha fruticosa, and identified these natural products as a new chemical class to treat insulin resistance and diabetes by selectively activating PPARM-NM-3. In contrast to existing synthetic PPARM-NM-3 drugs, the amorfrutins display unique properties by separating insulin sensitization from unwanted side effects. In obese mouse models, amorfrutin treatment significantly improved important metabolic and inflammatory parameters. In summary, PPARM-NM-3 activation by selective amorfrutins derived from edible biomaterial is a promising approach to combat metabolic diseases and other diseases in which PPARM-NM-3 is involved in. GSM701612-GSM701623: Male DIO C57BL/6 mice (age 18 wks), 3 groups (n=4 each after pooling of 8 samples per group). Mice were fed over 3 wks with high fat diet (HFD) without compound (vehicle), HFD with 4 mg/kg/d rosiglitazone or with 100 mg/kg/d amorfrutin 1. Liver RNA extracted. --> 4 biological replicates, vehicle vs. rosiglitazone or amorfrutin 1 GSM702299-GSM702344: Biological replicates (n = 3-4 each) of human primary adipocytes were treated with the following compounds for 24 hours. 10M-BM-5M rosiglitazone, 10M-BM-5M pioglitazone, 30M-BM-5M telmisartan, 10M-BM-5M nTZDpa, 30M-BM-5M amorfrutin 1, 30M-BM-5M amorfrutin 2, 30M-BM-5M amorfrutin 3 or 30M-BM-5M amorfrutin 4 vs. 0.1% DMSO (vehicle)
2012-05-01 | E-GEOD-28384 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is a circulating hepatokine that beneficially affects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Here we report that FGF21 is also an inducible, fed-state autocrine factor in adipose tissue that functions in a feed-forward loop to regulate the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a master transcriptional regulator of adipogenesis. FGF21-knockout (KO) mice display defects in PPARγ signaling including decreased body fat and attenuation of PPARγ-dependent gene expression. Moreover, FGF21-KO mice are refratory to both the beneficial, insulin-sensitizing effects and the detrimental weight gain and edema side effects of the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. This loss of function in FGF21-KO mice is coincident with a marked increase in the sumoylation of PPARγ, which reduces its transcriptional activity. Adding back FGF21 prevents sumoylation and restores PPARγ activity. Collectively, these results reveal FGF21 as a key mediator of the physiologic and pharmacologic actions of PPARγ.
2020-01-23 | GSE33684 | GEO
Project description:SNPs affecting disease risk often reside in non-coding genomic regions. Here we show that SNPs are highly enriched at mouse strain-selective adipose tissue binding sites for PPARγ, a nuclear receptor for antidiabetic drugs. Many such SNPs alter binding motifs for PPARγ or cooperating factors, and functionally regulate nearby genes whose expression is strain-selective and imbalanced in heterozygous F1 mice. Moreover, genetically-determined binding of PPARγ accounts for mouse strain-specific transcriptional effects of TZD drugs, providing proof-of- concept for personalized medicine related to nuclear receptor genomic occupancy. In human fat, motif-altering SNPs cause differential PPARγ binding, provide a molecular mechanism for some expression quantitative trait loci, and are risk factors for dysmetabolic traits in genome- wide association studies. One PPARγ motif-altering SNP is associated with HDL levels and other metabolic syndrome parameters. Thus, natural genetic variation in PPARγ genomic occupancy determines individual disease risk and drug response. 6 ChIP-seq experiments conducted in mice and 5 in human subjects. Deep sequencing carried out using Illumina HiSeq2000 and the Solexa Analysis Pipeline eWAT; epididymal White Adipose Tissue iWAT; inguinal White Adipose Tissue 12wLFD; mice were fed a control low fat diet (Research Diet D12450B) chow; mice were fed standard rodent chow Diet GR; Glucocorticoid receptor
2015-07-02 | E-GEOD-64458 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Functional genomic analysis of frataxin deficiency reveals tissue-specific alterations and identifies the PPARγ pathway as a therapeutic target in Friedreich's ataxia Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), the most common inherited ataxia, is characterized by focal neurodegeneration, diabetes mellitus, and life-threatening cardiomyopathy. Frataxin, which is significantly reduced in patients with this recessive disorder, is a mitochondrial iron-binding protein, but how its deficiency leads to neurodegeneration and metabolic derangements is not known. We performed microarray analysis of heart and skeletal muscle in a mouse model of frataxin deficiency, and found molecular evidence of increased lipogenesis in skeletal muscle, and alteration of fiber-type composition in heart, consistent with insulin resistance and cardiomyopathy, respectively. Since the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) pathway is known to regulate both processes, we hypothesized that dysregulation of this pathway could play a key role in frataxin deficiency. We confirmed this by showing a coordinate dysregulation of the PPARγ coactivator Pgc1a and transcription factor Srebp1 in cellular and animal models of frataxin deficiency, and in cells from FRDA patients, who have marked insulin resistance. Finally, we show that genetic modulation of the PPARγ pathway affects frataxin levels in vitro, supporting PPARγ as a novel therapeutic target in FRDA. To compare frataxin deficient (KIKO) mice vs. WT, heart and skeletal muscle. Three replicates (KIKO vs WT), with dye swap
2009-06-02 | E-GEOD-15843 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:SNPs affecting disease risk often reside in non-coding genomic regions. Here we show that SNPs are highly enriched at mouse strain-selective adipose tissue binding sites for PPARγ, a nuclear receptor for antidiabetic drugs. Many such SNPs alter binding motifs for PPARγ or cooperating factors, and functionally regulate nearby genes whose expression is strain-selective and imbalanced in heterozygous F1 mice. Moreover, genetically-determined binding of PPARγ accounts for mouse strain-specific transcriptional effects of TZD drugs, providing proof-of- concept for personalized medicine related to nuclear receptor genomic occupancy. In human fat, motif-altering SNPs cause differential PPARγ binding, provide a molecular mechanism for some expression quantitative trait loci, and are risk factors for dysmetabolic traits in genome- wide association studies. One PPARγ motif-altering SNP is associated with HDL levels and other metabolic syndrome parameters. Thus, natural genetic variation in PPARγ genomic occupancy determines individual disease risk and drug response.
2015-07-02 | GSE64458 | GEO
Project description:SNPs affecting disease risk often reside in non-coding genomic regions. Here we show that SNPs are highly enriched at mouse strain-selective adipose tissue binding sites for PPARγ, a nuclear receptor for antidiabetic drugs. Many such SNPs alter binding motifs for PPARγ or cooperating factors, and functionally regulate nearby genes whose expression is strain-selective and imbalanced in heterozygous F1 mice. Moreover, genetically-determined binding of PPARγ accounts for mouse strain-specific transcriptional effects of TZD drugs, providing proof-of- concept for personalized medicine related to nuclear receptor genomic occupancy. In human fat, motif-altering SNPs cause differential PPARγ binding, provide a molecular mechanism for some expression quantitative trait loci, and are risk factors for dysmetabolic traits in genome- wide association studies. One PPARγ motif-altering SNP is associated with HDL levels and other metabolic syndrome parameters. Thus, natural genetic variation in PPARγ genomic occupancy determines individual disease risk and drug response.
2015-07-02 | GSE64459 | GEO
Project description:SNPs affecting disease risk often reside in non-coding genomic regions. Here we show that SNPs are highly enriched at mouse strain-selective adipose tissue binding sites for PPARγ, a nuclear receptor for antidiabetic drugs. Many such SNPs alter binding motifs for PPARγ or cooperating factors, and functionally regulate nearby genes whose expression is strain-selective and imbalanced in heterozygous F1 mice. Moreover, genetically-determined binding of PPARγ accounts for mouse strain-specific transcriptional effects of TZD drugs, providing proof-of- concept for personalized medicine related to nuclear receptor genomic occupancy. In human fat, motif-altering SNPs cause differential PPARγ binding, provide a molecular mechanism for some expression quantitative trait loci, and are risk factors for dysmetabolic traits in genome- wide association studies. One PPARγ motif-altering SNP is associated with HDL levels and other metabolic syndrome parameters. Thus, natural genetic variation in PPARγ genomic occupancy determines individual disease risk and drug response. Comparison of 5 RNA-seq experiments between 2 strains of mice differing in diet and fat depot. One of the experiments was evaluation of the response to a drug Rosiglitazone. Our RNA-seq data comprises primarily of 4 main experiments: The first experiment consists of samples taken from 2 strains of mice and their F1 progeny The samples are all taken from the same depot and when the mice were fed the same chow diet The second experiment has 2 parts, the first one involves samples taken from the 2 strains from the same eWAT depot when they were kept on a Low Fat Diet (LFD) This first part serves as a control for the second one in which the mice were treated with a drug, rosiglitazone in conjunction with a LFD The third experiment consists of samples taken from mice being fed on LFD. The samples are taken from the eWAT depot for both the strains. The fourth experiment consists of samples taken from mice being fed on LFD. The samples are taken from the iWAT depot for both the strains. We also have a solitary sample from a GRO-seq experiment which was done on eWAT in a B6 strain of mice being fed a LFD eWAT: epididymal White Adipose Tissue iWAT: inguinal White Adipose Tissue LFD-12w: mice were fed a control low fat diet (Research Diet D12450B) chow: mice were fed standard rodent chow Diet LFD w/rosiglitazone: Drug rosiglitazone (Cayman Chemicals) was incorporated into low fat diet D12450B by Research Diets at 36mg/kg of diet. Mice received control low fat diet for 10 weeks (age 6-16 weeks), and the rosiglitazone-containing diet versus control diet for the final 2 weeks (until sacrifice at 18 weeks) LFD control for rosi: mice were fed a control low fat diet (Research Diet D12450B)
2015-07-02 | E-GEOD-64459 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Functional genomic analysis of frataxin deficiency reveals tissue-specific alterations and identifies the PPARγ pathway as a therapeutic target in Friedreich's ataxia Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), the most common inherited ataxia, is characterized by focal neurodegeneration, diabetes mellitus, and life-threatening cardiomyopathy. Frataxin, which is significantly reduced in patients with this recessive disorder, is a mitochondrial iron-binding protein, but how its deficiency leads to neurodegeneration and metabolic derangements is not known. We performed microarray analysis of heart and skeletal muscle in a mouse model of frataxin deficiency, and found molecular evidence of increased lipogenesis in skeletal muscle, and alteration of fiber-type composition in heart, consistent with insulin resistance and cardiomyopathy, respectively. Since the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) pathway is known to regulate both processes, we hypothesized that dysregulation of this pathway could play a key role in frataxin deficiency. We confirmed this by showing a coordinate dysregulation of the PPARγ coactivator Pgc1a and transcription factor Srebp1 in cellular and animal models of frataxin deficiency, and in cells from FRDA patients, who have marked insulin resistance. Finally, we show that genetic modulation of the PPARγ pathway affects frataxin levels in vitro, supporting PPARγ as a novel therapeutic target in FRDA.
2009-06-02 | GSE15848 | GEO
Project description:Functional genomic analysis of frataxin deficiency reveals tissue-specific alterations and identifies the PPARγ pathway as a therapeutic target in Friedreich's ataxia Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), the most common inherited ataxia, is characterized by focal neurodegeneration, diabetes mellitus, and life-threatening cardiomyopathy. Frataxin, which is significantly reduced in patients with this recessive disorder, is a mitochondrial iron-binding protein, but how its deficiency leads to neurodegeneration and metabolic derangements is not known. We performed microarray analysis of heart and skeletal muscle in a mouse model of frataxin deficiency, and found molecular evidence of increased lipogenesis in skeletal muscle, and alteration of fiber-type composition in heart, consistent with insulin resistance and cardiomyopathy, respectively. Since the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) pathway is known to regulate both processes, we hypothesized that dysregulation of this pathway could play a key role in frataxin deficiency. We confirmed this by showing a coordinate dysregulation of the PPARγ coactivator Pgc1a and transcription factor Srebp1 in cellular and animal models of frataxin deficiency, and in cells from FRDA patients, who have marked insulin resistance. Finally, we show that genetic modulation of the PPARγ pathway affects frataxin levels in vitro, supporting PPARγ as a novel therapeutic target in FRDA.
2009-06-02 | GSE15843 | GEO
Project description:The targeted muscle insulin receptor knockout (MIRKO) model was used, in which there is a complete absence of the insulin-receptor signaling in skeletal muscle but normal insulin and glucose levels. By comparing skeletal muscle gene-expression profiles from MIRKO mice and their controls (lox/lox) under three different metabolic conditions (namely, in the basal state, after streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, and after STZ-induced diabetes rendered euglycemic with insulin treatment), we can address the following three important questions. (i) What is the direct effect of the loss of insulin signaling on gene expression in skeletal muscle? (ii) What is the contribution of the metabolic and other changes that accompany diabetes to induce indirect changes in gene expression? (iii) How are these pathways regulated and implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetes?
2006-11-24 | E-CBIL-19 | biostudies-arrayexpress