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The use of New Approach Methodologies (high-throughput transcriptomics) to study nanoagrochemicals - mechanisms of toxicity of a commercial copper oxychloride

ABSTRACT: Nanoagrochemicals have been developed aiming increased safety and sustainability, representing an alternative to conventional agrochemicals, mainly pesticides. Given its infancy, the risk-benefit analysis for nano-enabled agrochemicals remains unresolved, especially compared to the conventional precursors. New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), e.g. omics, are high on the agenda, to move beyond standard hazards. The investigation of their mechanisms of toxicity will deliver valuable information to understand the risks. NUCOP–M®, a Cu-based commercial formulation containing nano-features, was previously assessed (OECD 220) in Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta), impacting survival and reproduction (28 days LC50=890 and EC50=300 mg Cu /kg soil of NUCOP-M®). The aim of the present study was to understand the mechanisms of toxicity of NUCOP–M® at sublethal concentrations (0, 100 and 500 mg Cu/kg soil of NUCOP-M®) in short and longer exposure (2, 21 days). A high-throughput gene expression microarray (NAMs) was used. Results showed that a high transcriptomic response after 21 days of exposure (compared to 2 days), although after 2 days there was an indication of increase in intracellular transport. At 21 days, enchytraeids exhibited a gene expression profile compatible with effects on embryo development (down-regulation of hemicentin 2 and serine/threonine protein kinase 25), which might be linked to reproductive effects observed at organism level at 28 and 56 days of exposure. Several of the genes found up-regulated points towards mitochondrial stress, and activation of mechanisms to cope with oxidative stress. This study is a key contribution to a knowledge gap, the mechanisms of toxicity of nanoagrochemicals, particularly concerning non-target species.

ORGANISM(S): Enchytraeus crypticus

PROVIDER: GSE284246 | GEO | 2026/04/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The use of New Approach Methodologies (high-throughput transcriptomics) to study nanoagrochemicals - mechanisms of toxicity of a commercial copper oxychloride

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