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Murine anaphylaxis to food requires cysteinyl leukotriene-mediated absorption of allergens in the gut.

ABSTRACT: Food-specific IgE triggers life-threatening anaphylaxis; however, some people with food-specific IgE are asymptomatic upon allergen consumption. Using murine food allergy models, we discovered an unexpected pathway regulating the ability of food allergens to trigger anaphylaxis. C57BL/6 mice are uniquely resistant to anaphylaxis when challenged orally; we show that goblet cells transport less food allergens relative to anaphylaxis-susceptible strains, even prior to allergic sensitization. In a forward genetic screen, oral anaphylaxis resistance correlated with Dipeptidase1 (Dpep1) allelic variants. DPEP1 is expressed in intestinal epithelium and catabolizes leukotriene D4 (LTD4). Blocking DPEP1 with cilastatin, genetically deleting Dpep1, or oral administration of LTD4 enhanced allergen transport in resistant mice. Conversely, pre-treatment of susceptible mice with a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor, zileuton, abrogated allergen absorption from the gut and subsequent oral anaphylaxis. Inhibiting leukotrienes may be a novel treatment for food allergy.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE285568 | GEO | 2025/08/13

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:MS/MS analysis of the peanut protein extract (PPE) confirmed the presence of the four major peanut allergens and identified the presence of Ara h 1 isotypes, Ara h 2 isotypes, Ara h 3 isotypes, Ara h 6 isotypes and Ara h 7 isotypes. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (IT) is emerging as a viable option for treatment of peanut allergy. Yet, prophylactic IT remains unexplored despite early introduction of peanut in infancy was shown to prevent allergy. There is a need to understand how allergens interact with the immune system depending on the route of administration, and how different dosages of allergen may protect from sensitisation and a clinical active allergy. Here we compared peanut allergen delivery via the oral, sublingual (SL), intragastric (IG) and subcutaneous (SC) routes for the prevention of peanut allergy in Brown Norway (BN) rats. BN rats were administered PBS or three different doses of PPE via either oral IT (OIT), SLIT, IGIT and SCIT followed by intraperitoneal (IP) injections of PPE to assess the protection from peanut sensitisation. The development of IgE and IgG1 responses to PPE and the major peanut allergens were evaluated by ELISAs. The clinical response to PPE was assessed by an ear swelling test (EST) and proliferation was assessed by stimulating splenocytes with PPE. Low and medium dose OIT (1 and 10 mg) and all doses of SCIT (1, 10, 100 µg) induced sensitisation to PPE, whereas high dose OIT (100 mg), SLIT (10, 100 or 1000 µg) or IGIT (1, 10 and 100 mg) did not. High dose OIT and SLIT as well as high and medium dose IGIT prevented sensitisation from the following IP injections of PPE and suppressed PPE-specific IgE levels in a dose-dependent manner. Hence, administration of peanut protein via different routes confers different risks for sensitisation and protection from peanut allergy development. Overall, the IgE levels toward the individual major peanut allergens followed the PPE-specific IgE levels. Collectively, this study showed that the preventive effect of allergen-specific IT is determined by the interplay between the specific site of PPE delivery for presentation to the immune system, and the allergen quantity, and that targeting and modulating tolerance mechanisms at specific mucosal sites may be a prophylactic strategy for prevention of peanut allergy.

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Murine anaphylaxis to food requires cysteinyl leukotriene-mediated absorption of allergens in the gut.

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