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ScDUAL-seq Simultaneously Measures RNA Synthesis and Degradation Rates in Single Cells

ABSTRACT: The interplay between RNA transcription and degradation tightly regulates the dynamic changes of RNA abundance. To unveil the underlying regulatory mechanism of RNA in shaping gene expression patterns, it is essential yet challenging to profile the coordinated regulation of RNA synthesis and degradation rates at the single-cell level during dynamic programs such as cell differentiation and cell state transition. Herein, we propose scDUAL-seq, a double metabolic RNA labeling-based single-cell RNA sequencing method to simultaneously measure RNA synthesis and degradation rates in thousands of single cells during dynamic processes. In a cortisol response model of colorectal cancer cells, scDUAL-seq identifies the RNA regulatory strategies for 5,930 genes, discovers key regulons driving the strategy transitions, and disentangles the interplay between RNA synthesis and degradation that control distinct strategy transitions during cortisol response. We anticipate that scDUAL-seq will be broadly applied to record RNA kinetic rates and the underlying regulatory mechanism in diverse dynamic processes.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE286521 | GEO | 2025/07/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The rates of mRNA synthesis and degradation determine cellular mRNA levels and can be monitored by comparative Dynamic Transcriptome Analysis (cDTA) that uses non-perturbing metabolic RNA labeling. Here we present cDTA data for 46 yeast strains lacking genes involved in mRNA degradation and metabolism. In these strains, changes in mRNA degradation rates are generally compensated by changes in mRNA synthesis rates, resulting in a buffering of mRNA levels. We show that buffering of mRNA levels requires the RNA exonuclease Xrn1. The buffering is rapidly established when mRNA synthesis is impaired, but is delayed when mRNA degradation is impaired, apparently due to Xrn1-dependent transcription repressor induction. Cluster analysis of the data defines the general mRNA degradation machinery, reveals different substrate preferences for the two mRNA deadenylase complexes Ccr4-Not and Pan2-Pan3, and unveils an interwoven cellular mRNA surveillance network. For this purpose, cDTA was carried out as described in Sun et.al. Genome Res. 2012 (DOI:10.1101/gr.130161.111). S. cerevisiae cultures were grown at 30¡ãC in 50 ml aliquots of YPD medium. S. pombe cultures were grown at 32¡ãC in YES medium. For inhibitor perturbation, BY4741 cells (OD600=0.1) were inoculated from a saturated overnight culture in two 100 ml aliquots of YPD liquid medium, incubated at 30¡ãC and grown to early-log phase (OD600=0.8). Cells were labeled for 6 minutes (sample 0 min). Then cycloheximide was added and cells were labeled for 10 minutes and 60 minutes. Cells were harvested and treated as described in Sun et.al. Genome Res. 2012 (DOI:10.1101/gr.130161.111). 1,10-Phenanthroline was added to the culture to a final concentration of 25 _g/ml as described (Dori-Bachash et al., 2012), and labeled for 6 minutes after 18 minutes treatment. Cells were treated as above. For the anchor-away analysis, S. cerevisiae cells (OD600=0.1) were cultured in two 200 ml aliquots of YPD containing 1_g/ml rapamycin and incubated at 30¡ãC untill OD600 reached 0.8. Due to the instability of rapamycin, we added 1_g/ml rapamycin every two hours. Then a 20 ml sample was taken and labeled with 4sU. The cells were then treated as described in Sun et.al. Genome Res. 2012 (DOI:10.1101/gr.130161.111).

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ScDUAL-seq Simultaneously Measures RNA Synthesis and Degradation Rates in Single Cells

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